Файл: Учебное пособие по английскому языку для практических занятий студентов 2 курса.docx

Recovery

The aim of the recovery phase is to restore the affected area to its previous state. It differs from the response phase in its focus; recovery efforts are concerned with issues and decisions that must be made after immediate needs are addressed. Recovery efforts are primarily concerned with actions that involve rebuilding destroyed property, re-employment, and the repair of other essential infrastructure. Efforts should be made to "build back better", aiming to reduce the pre-disaster risks inherent in the community and infrastructure. An important aspect of effective recovery efforts is taking advantage of a ‘window of opportunity’ for the implementation of mitigative measures that might otherwise be unpopular. Citizens of the affected area are more likely to accept more mitigative changes when a recent disaster is in fresh memory.
2. Find English equivalents. Use them in sentences of you own.

Мероприятия по смягчению последствий; уменьшить последствия стихийных бедствий; долгосрочные меры по снижению или устранению риска; информирование общественности о рисках; надлежащее техническое обслуживание; предупреждение населения о чрезвычайных ситуациях; оптимизация поставок продуктов питания; прогнозирование несчастных случаев; мобилизация необходимых экстренных служб; эффективная координация спасательных работ; восстановление разрушенного имущества; повторное трудоустройство.
2. Fill in the table with the information of the text.

Phases	Aims	Measures
Mitigation		technological solutions, legislation, land-use planning, regulations regarding evacuation, communication of risks to the public.
Preparedness	to improve capabilities of organizations to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and other man-made disasters
Response		mobilization of the necessary emergency services and first responders such as firefighters, police and ambulance crews
Recovery

3. Fill in prepositions if they are needed.

to reduce _________ hazards;

to prevent _______ fires;

to protect _________ flooding;

to provide ________ efficient tools;

to respond ________ emergency;

to recover ________ disaster.
4. Use the table above (ex. 2) to speak about the phases of emergency management.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
VOCABULARY

1. 
   Read and learn the following words.
   

feasible - реальный, выполнимый, осуществимый personal protective equipment - средства индивидуальной защиты device - устройство, приспособление; механизм safety spectacles - защитные [предохранительные] очки goggles - защитные очки welding shield - защитный щиток helmet - защитный головной убор (каска, шлем) electrical hazards - опасность поражения электрическим током footwear - обувь legging - гетры puncture wound - колотая рана build-up - накопление, увеличение; сосредоточение; наращивание (сил, средств)

metatarsal guards – средства защиты плюсневой кости (стопы) gloves - перчатки total immersion - полное погружение splash - брызги grip - сцепление; зажим; захват abrasion - трение coveralls - рабочий комбинезон vest - жилет apron - фартук surgical gown - хирургический костюм earplugs - затычки для ушей/беруши earmuffs - наушники для защиты от холода или шума

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2. 
   Read and translate the text.
   

Hazards exist in every workplace in many different forms: sharp edges, falling objects, flying sparks, chemicals, noise and a myriad of other potentially dangerous situations.

When engineering, work practice and administrative controls are not feasible or do not provide sufficient protection, employers must provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to their employees and ensure its use. Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards.

All PPE clothing and equipment should be of safe design and construction, and should be maintained in a clean and reliable fashion. Most protective devices are available in multiple sizes and care should be taken to select the proper size for each employee.

3. 
   The following health and safety notices show some protective measures that can be taken:
   

Keep in mind.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is clothing, equipment or substances designed to be worn by someone to protect them from risks of injury or illness.
3. Read 6 texts and match to titles.

- Body Protection

- Eye and Face Protection

- Foot and Leg Protection

- Hand and Arm Protection

- Head Protection

- Hearing Protection

Text 1

Employees can be exposed to a large number of hazards that pose danger to their eyes and face. OSHA requires employers to ensure that employees have appropriate eye or face protection if they are exposed to eye or face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, potentially infected material or potentially harmful light radiation.

Some of the most common types of eye and face protection include the following:

Safety spectacles. These protective eyeglasses have safety frames constructed of metal or plastic and impact-resistant lenses.

Goggles. These are tight-fitting eye protection that completely cover the eyes, eye sockets and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes and provide protection from impact, dust and splashes.

Welding shields. Constructed of vulcanized fiber or fiberglass and fitted with a filtered lens, welding shields protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light; they also protect both the eyes and face from flying sparks, metal spatter and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering and cutting operations.

Laser safety goggles. These specialty goggles protect against intense concentrations of light produced by lasers. The type of laser safety goggles an employer chooses will depend upon the equipment and operating conditions in the workplace.

Face shields. These transparent sheets of plastic extend from the eyebrows to below the chin and across the entire width of the employee‘s head. Some are polarized for glare protection.
Text 2

Wearing a safety helmet or hard hat is one of the easiest ways to protect an employee‘s head from injury. Hard hats can protect employees from impact and penetration hazards as well as from electrical shock and burn hazards.

Employers must ensure that their employees wear head protection if any of the following apply:

- Objects might fall from above and strike them on the head;

- They might bump their heads against fixed objects, such as exposed pipes or beams; or

- There is a possibility of accidental head contact with electrical hazards.

Types of Hard Hats

Hard hats are divided into three industrial classes:

Class A hard hats provide impact and penetration resistance along with limited voltage protection (up to 2,200 volts).

Class B hard hats provide the highest level of protection against electrical hazards, with high-voltage shock and burn protection (up to 20,000 volts). They also provide protection from impact and penetration hazards by flying/falling objects.

Class C hard hats provide lightweight comfort and impact protection but offer no protection from electrical hazards.

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Text 3

Employees, who face possible foot or leg injuries from falling or rolling objects or from crushing or penetrating materials should wear protective footwear. If an employee‘s feet may be exposed to electrical hazards, nonconductive footwear should be worn.

Foot and leg protection choices include the following:

Leggings protect the lower legs and feet from heat hazards such as molten metal or welding sparks. Safety snaps allow leggings to be removed quickly.

Metatarsal guards protect the instep area from impact and compression. Made of aluminum, steel, fiber or plastic, these guards may be strapped to the outside of shoes.

Toe guards fit over the toes of regular shoes to protect the toes from impact and compression hazards. They may be made of steel, aluminum or plastic.

Combination foot and shin guards protect the lower legs and feet, and may be used in combination with toe guards when greater protection is needed.

Safety shoes have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles that protect the feet against hot work surfaces common in roofing, paving and hot metal industries. The metal insoles of some safety shoes protect against puncture wounds. Safety shoes may also be designed to be electrically conductive to prevent the buildup of static electricity.

Electrically conductive shoes provide protection against the buildup of static electricity.

Electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes are nonconductive and will prevent the wearers‘ feet from completing an electrical circuit to the ground. These shoes can protect against open circuits of up to 600 volts in dry conditions and should be used in conjunction with other insulating equipment and additional precautions to reduce the risk of a worker becoming a path for hazardous electrical energy.

Text 4

If a workplace hazard assessment reveals that employees face potential injury to hands and arms that cannot be eliminated through engineering and work practice controls, employers must ensure that employees wear appropriate protection.

Potential hazards include skin absorption of harmful substances, chemical or thermal burns, electrical dangers, bruises, abrasions, cuts, punctures, fractures and amputations. Protective equipment includes gloves, finger guards and arm coverings or elbow-length gloves.

Types of Protective Gloves

There are many types of gloves available today to protect against a wide variety of hazards. The nature of the hazard and the operation involved will affect the selection of gloves. The variety of potential occupational hand injuries makes selecting the right pair of gloves challenging.

The following are examples of some factors that may influence the selection of protective gloves for a workplace:

- Type of chemicals handled.

- Nature of contact (total immersion, splash, etc.).

- Duration of contact.

- Area requiring protection (hand only, forearm, arm).

- Grip requirements (dry, wet, oily).

- Thermal protection.

- Size and comfort.

- Abrasion/resistance requirements.

Gloves made from a wide variety of materials are designed for many types of workplace hazards. In general, gloves fall into four groups:

- Gloves made of leather, canvas or metal mesh;

- Fabric and coated fabric gloves;

- Chemical- and liquid-resistant gloves;

- Insulating rubber gloves.

Text 5

Employees who face possible bodily injury of any kind that cannot be eliminated through engineering, work practice or administrative controls, must wear appropriate body protection while performing their jobs. In addition to cuts and radiation, the following are examples of workplace hazards that could cause bodily injury:

- Temperature extremes;

- Hot splashes from molten metals and other hot liquids;

- Potential impacts from tools, machinery and materials;

- Hazardous chemicals.

There are many varieties of protective clothing available for specific hazards. Employers are required to ensure that their employees wear personal protective equipment only for the parts of the body exposed to possible injury. Examples of body protection include laboratory coats, coveralls, vests, jackets, aprons, surgical gowns and full body suits.

Protective clothing comes in a variety of materials, each effective against particular hazards, such as:

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Paper-like fiber used for disposable suits provide protection against dust and splashes.

Treated wool and cotton adapts well to changing temperatures, is comfortable, and fire-resistant and protects against dust, abrasions and rough and irritating surfaces.

Duck is a closely woven cotton fabric that protects against cuts and bruises when handling heavy, sharp or rough materials.

Leather is often used to protect against dry heat and flames.

Rubber, rubberized fabrics, neoprene and plastics protect against certain chemicals and physical hazards. When chemical or physical hazards are present, check with the clothing manufacturer to ensure that the material selected will provide protection against the specific hazard.
Text 6

Determining the need to provide hearing protection for employees can be challenging.

Employee exposure to excessive noise depends upon a number of factors, including:

- The loudness of the noise as measured in decibels.

- The duration of each employee‘s exposure to the noise.

- Whether employees move between work areas with different noise levels.

- Whether noise is generated from one or multiple sources.

Some types of hearing protection include:

Single-use earplugs are made of waxed cotton, foam, silicone rubber or fiberglass wool. They are self-forming and, when properly inserted, they work as well as most molded earplugs.

Pre-formed or molded earplugs must be individually fitted by a professional and can be disposable or reusable. Reusable plugs should be cleaned after each use.

Earmuffs require a perfect seal around the ear. Glasses, facial hair, long hair or facial movements such as chewing may reduce the protective value of earmuffs.
4. Read the texts and complete the List of Personal Protective Equipment.

Eye and Face Protection	Head Protection
1 2 3	1 2 3
Foot and Leg Protection	Hand and Arm Protection
1 2	1 2
Body Protection	Hearing Protection
1 2 3	1 2 3

5. Ask your partner. Make 5 questions.

What personal protective equipment is used to protect …? What personal protective equipment is used to protect employees from …?
6. Are these statements true or false?

1) Employers must provide personal protective equipment to their employees.

2) When engineering, work practice and administrative controls are not feasible employees are not required to wear personal protective equipment.

3) Personal protective equipment is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards.

4) All PPE clothing and equipment should be in multiple sizes.

5) OSHA requires employers to ensure that employees have appropriate eye or face protection if they are exposed from the noise.

6) Flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals are dangerous to hand and arms.

7) If employee is ill he must wear a surgical gown.

8) Foot and leg protection includes Leggings, metatarsal guards, toe guards, vests.

9) Hearing protection includes earplugs and earmuffs.

10) There are many varieties of protective clothing available for specific conditions.

7. Choose the correct word in each sentence.

1. Store container is in a well-ventilated/good-ventilated place.

2. Process cooling water can be returned/recycled.

3. This chemical is toxic/intoxicating if swallowed.

5. Leftover chemicals should be disproved/disposed of safely.

6. Please wear protective gloves when fingering/handling this material.

7. Remember that asbestos fibers can cause cancer/coma.

8 Pregnant women should not take this medicine as it may cause birth

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defects/effects.

9. Protect/ Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
8. Complete the following sentences with a form of the word in brackets.

1 When working in this area, please wear ______________ clothing (protect).

2 Don't pour used chemicals into the drains as they will cause _____ (contaminate).

3 Heating this liquid may cause an ________ (explode).

4 These chemicals must be kept in a locked cupboard because they are ____ (harm).

5 While they repair the roof, we will close this department as a ________measure (precaution).

6 _______ health is one part of Health and Safety (occupation).

7 Working in a noisy factory without ear protectors is a _______ activity (danger).

8 Petrol and oil are _______ chemicals (flame).

9 Make sure the container s are closed _______ (tight).

10 Make sure you are wearing breathing equipment before starting _______ (fume)

1. 
   Read and translate the text.
   

SAFETY RULES

Accidents to people in industrial enterprises are called industrial traumatism (injury). They occur when workers have not acquired the requisite for skill and lack the necessary experience in handling tools and equipment. Accidents are also caused through neglect of safety rules and regulations in the factories and training workshops.

The purpose of safety engineering is to prevent acci­dents and to create such conditions of work in industry which will ensure maximum productivity of labour.

When taking up new duties or when first going to work at any industrial enterprise each worker is obliged to acquaint him thoroughly with, and to master the safety instructions.

You need many kinds of safety equipment on a building site. House builders and other workers have to wear safety boots, helmets, gloves, and sometimes goggles and dust masks. Ear protectors (ear plugs) should be used near noisy machines. Ladders and scaffoldings are used when working at heights. Ladders must be placed right and they must be strong enough to carry the load of the workers. Scaffoldings must also be carefully erected, so that they don't collapse. At bigger building sites both ladders and scaffoldings are usually made of metal, but sometimes also wooden ones are used. Here are some other points to keep in mind:

A very important thing is to keep your working place tidy and clean.

You must not leave empty tins or dirty buckets on floors or in yards.

Tools must be kept in the right places, in toolkits and sheds.

Nails and screws must be kept in boxes, so that they will not be wasted.

All the used boards should be collected into one place as well as other garbage.

On a building site you should always be careful with fire.

Paints and solvents catch fire very easily.

Make sure that you have insurance.

You should have put on overalls to protect your clothes when working with paints or solvents.
2. Find and compose the instructions using the text.

1. Несчастные случаи с людьми на предприятии называются производственной травмой.

Они случаются, когда у рабочих нет опыта или они пренебрегают правилами безопасности на заводах или в мастерских.

Цель техники безопасности - предотвратить несчастные случаи и создать условия такие условия в промышленности, которые обеспечат максимальную производительность труда.

Приступая к новым обязанностям, вы должны ознакомиться с правилами безопасности и освоить их.

2. 
   На стройплощадке строители должны носить ботинки со стальным носком, каски, перчатки, наколенники, пыле защищающие маски, защитные маски, защитные очки, беруши. Вы должны носить беруши, когда вы рядом с шумным оборудованием. Вы должны использовать лестницы, строительные леса, страховочные ремни, когда работаете на высоте. Вы должны надевать спецодежду, чтобы защитить свою одежду при работе с краской и растворителями. Вы должны знать предупреждающие знаки. И очень важно держать свое рабочее место в порядке и чистоте.
   

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