Файл: ОЗО БФ англ..doc

monument n, history n, special [spel] a, specialist [spelist] n, catastrophic [,kætstrfik] a, organism [:gnizm] n, cactus [kækts] n, fantastic [fæntæstik] a, chance [ta:ns] n, farmer n, start v, sum [sm] n, biologist [baild ist] n, million [miljn] n, marauder [mr:d] n, nature [neit] n.

Упр. 10. Отработайте чтение следующих географических названий и имен собственных:

Shakespeare [eikspi] - Шекспир, Queensland [kwi:nzlnd] - Квинсленд, Australia [streilj] - Австралия, Latin [lætin] – латинский, Argentina [,a:d nti:n] - Аргентина.

Упр. 11. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

THE STORIES THAT MONUMENTS TELL

Shakespeare wrote that there is reason in all things, if only we are clever enough to find that reason. We must agree with the great writer, although the reason in many things around us is sometimes very difficult to find. Among the most difficult sometimes are people’s reasons for building monuments.

We do not mean monuments whose history is well known to the whole world. But to understand other monuments, to “find the reason” in them, we need special guidebooks, the explanations of specialists. We shall speak here of monuments of this kind, monuments to people, animals, birds and even insects.

In Queensland, Australia, stands a monument to an unpleasant little insect, with a long Latin name Cactoblasis. The people of the country want to remember the insect because it helped to correct a catastrophic mistake.

As we know, plant and animal life in Australia is not the same as in other parts of the world. Today, nobody is allowed^¹ to bring living organism into Australia from other countries, for very good reasons. Here is^² one of them.

A few years ago, somebody brought a cactus plant to Australia from Argentina. The plant found a wonderful new home in Australia. It began to grow and spread with such fantastic speed that soon it didn’t give other plants a chance to live. The farmers started a war against the cactus; the government spent tremendous sums of money, but they were not successful. The cactuses continued to spread, and Australian grass had no place^³to grow. At last biologists found an insect that eats cactus plants. Three thousand million eggs of this insect were brought^⁴to Australia: the cactuses were all eaten up^⁵, and the farmers put up a monument to the insect that had saved their land from the terrible enemy.

Shakespeare says there is reason in all things. But there are probably few people who can find reason in the explanation that the English give of their monument “To the Last Wolf”. Long ago, the forests of England were full of wolves. Today there are no wolves left^⁶ (true, there aren’t many forests either). The English put up a monument to the wolf, not as a sign of their victory over the marauder, but because, as they say, nature has become poorer and less interesting since the last wolf was killed.

Упр. 12. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What is one of the most difficult things to find? 2. Whom do people put up monuments to? 3. Why did farmers put up a monument to Cactoblasis? 4. Are people allowed to bring any living organisms into Australia from other countries? 5. What plant was brought to Australia from Argentina? 6. Why did farmers start a war against it? 7. Who helped farmers in their war against cactus plants? 8. How do the English explain their building a monument to the wolf?

LESSON 5

Неопределенные времена (Indefinite Tenses)

Present

Past

Future

Утвердительная

форма

Множ. Единств.

число число

I write

You write

She writes

We write

You write

They write

I wrote

You wrote

She wrote

We wrote

You wrote

They wrote

I shall write

You will write

She will write

We shall write

You will write

They will write

Вопросительная

форма

Множ. Единств.

число число

Do I write?

Do you write?

Does she write?

Do we write?

Do you write?

Do they write?

Did I write?

Did you write?

Did she write?

Did we write?

Did you write?

Did they write?

Shall I write?

Will you write?

Will she write?

Shall we write?

Will you write?

Will they write?

Отрицательная

Форма

Множ. Единств.

число число

I do not write

You do not write

She does not write

We do not write

You do not write

They do not write

I did not write

You did not write

She did not write

We did not write

You did not write

They did not write

I shall not write

You will not write

She will not write

We shall not write

You will not write

They will not write

Do not - don’t

Does not – doesn’t

Did not – didn’t

Shall not – shan’t

Will not – won’t

Употребление времен группы Indefinite

Present Indefinite

Для выражения обычного или регулярно повторяющегося действия.
Для выражения будущего действия в придаточных обстоятельственных предложениях времени и условия.

We take our examinations twice a year.
They often go to the cinema.

If you finish your work early ring me up.
When you come we shall go to see our friends.

Past

Indefinite

Для обозначения действия, совершившегося в прошлом.
Для выражения ряда последовательных действий.

I saw him two days ago.
In winter we went skating.

1. In the morning I got at 7, took my breakfast and went to the Institute.

Future

Indefinite

Для выражения действия, которое совершится в будущем.

Примечание: to be going, to be about являются эквивалентами будущего времени

They will come soon.
In summer we’ll have our holidays.

I'm going to enter the Institute.
He is about to enter the University.

Упр. 1. Запомните слова-сигналы, которые подсказывают, что сказуемое надо употреблять в:

Present Indefinite – usually, always, every day, as a rule, sometimes, often;

Past Indefinite – yesterday, last week (month, year), two days ago, in May, on Sunday, in 1990;

Future Indefinite – tomorrow, tonight, next week (year, month), in a day (черездень).

Чтение окончания – (e)s в 3-м лице единственного числа

После глухих согласных

После гласных и звонких согласных

После –s, -z, -ss, -ch, -sh, -x

[s]

[z]

[iz]

He looks

He talks

He wonders

He rides

He passes

He teaches

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Файл: ОЗО БФ англ..doc

Неопределенные времена (Indefinite Tenses)

Употребление времен группы Indefinite

Чтение окончания – (e)s в 3-м лице единственного числа

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