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Времена страдательного залога употребляются по тем же правилам, что и времена действительного залога.

Так как глагол в форме Continuous Passive показывает действие в его развитии, он переводится на русский язык формами глагола несовершенного вида с окончанием – ся или неопределенно-личным предложением.

A vast Palace of Sports is being built in our street. – Грандиозный дворец спорта строят/строится на нашей улице.

При переводе глагола в Perfect Passive необходимо подчеркнуть законченность действия, поэтому его всегда переводят глаголом совершенного вида.

A vast Palace of Sports has been built in our street. – На нашей улице построили грандиозный дворец спорта.

Упр. 1. Переведите следующие предложения, сказуемые которых обозначают действия в процессе развития:

1. His lecture was being listened to attentively when the door suddenly opened. 2. The new film was being shown in all the cinemas of our town the whole week. 3. The children were being sent for when I entered the room. 4. This question is not connected with the problem which is being discussed now. 5. He is being waited for. 6. The new project is still being worked at. 7. What was being displayed in the Pushkin Art Museum when you visited it? 8. What’s going on in the yard? – Trees and bushes are being planted сажать there. 9. What is going on in the laboratory? – A new device прибор is being tested there.

Упр. 2. Переведите следующие предложения, сказуемые которых обозначают действия завершенного характера:

1. When you rang up, the work had just been finished. 2. Come at 11. The documents will have been checked and the letters will have been typed when you come. 3. His problem has been solved решать by Russian scientists. 4. The house will not have been lived in till warm days come. 5. That house hasn’t been lived in any longer. 6. The children have been already sent for. 7. This room hasn’t been used for ages. 8. You have been warned предупреждать. 9. I had a letter from my brother some days ago. He wrote he had been accepted to the college.

Упр. 3. Найдите сказуемые в следующих предложениях, определите их залог, время и характер действия. Предложения переведите.

1. When we returned the door had been locked закрывать на замок. 2. In fact Jim knew about the change of plans. He had been told. 3. By what time will the work have been finished? 4. How much has Susan been fined for speeding штрафовать за превышение скорости? 5. Two men are being questioned допрашивать at the Police Station in connection with armed robbery вооруженное ограбление. 6. Another man has been arrested for the crime преступление. 7. Missing пропавшая schoolgirl Sheila Patterson, aged eleven, has been found alive and well. Now she is being looked after at Leicester Police station. 8. I couldn’t use my car last week, it was being repaired ремонтировать. 9. By the year 2010, many actresses who are famous today will have been forgotten. 10. Shakespeare’s plays have been translated into many languages. 11. You can’t go into the sitting-room. The walls are being painted there. 12. When we came to Kiev there were a lot of houses there which had been destroyed by the German fascists.

Упр. 4. Переведите на русский, обращая внимание на время сказуемого.

1. This question is still being discussed. 2. Mary is proud. Her work has been praised хвалить. 3. Her remark замечание was not answered. 4. Dick is happy. His dog has been found. 5. The guests гости were upstairs. They were being shown the laboratories. 6. We were joined by the whole class. 7. Do you know that your voice голос is being recorded записывать? 8. Let’s go to Peter’s birthday. – How can we? We haven’t been invited. 9. The documents will have been typed before the boss returns. 10. His strange behavior was commented upon. 11. It is said that the teachers talk too much. 12. It is known that some children grow faster than the others. 13. It is thought that much study time is spent reading textbooks. 14. The child was greatly affected by the scene. 15. When I entered the hall the young specialists were being instructed what to do. 16. The room had been prepared for the Hunts but they didn’t come. 17. The book will have been published by the end of the year. 18. The computer will have been tested by the end of the work day. 19. They realized that the telegram hadn’t been received.

LESSON 3

MODAL VERBS

Упр. 1. Пользуясь таблицей, переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. He couldn’t do this work. 2. We will be able to finish this work in time. 3. Will you be allowed to take this magazine? 4. You ought to help your sister in English. 5. Students have to pass exams twice a year. 6. Our sportsmen can win gold medals at the competition. 7. You may ring me up. 8. She can enter the University. 9. That Sunday I might get up later. 10. They must wait for us. 11. You should be more tactful. 12. You ought to visit your parents. 13. I am to come at 5. 14. I’m typing the letter you had to type in the morning.

Упр. 2. Переведите, обращая внимание на различные значения двух отрицательных форм глагола must.

Отрицательная форма

1. You mustn’t do it. 2. Peter must not come here today. 3. Peter needn’t come here today. 4. We must not stay here long. 5. Children must not smoke. 6. You needn’t do this translation. 7. You needn’t call the doctor. 8. You mustn’t take this medicine.

Упр. 3. Поставьте частицу to перед инфинитивами после модальных глаголов, где необходимо.

I can … see; he ought … know; he will be able … change; he was allowed … translate; I may … arrive; he could … go; I must … do; he has … ask; they are … read; they have … translate; he should … help; we had … build; they may … build; they were allowed .. answer; he will be able … make; he has … arrive; she must … change; you will be able … translate; they should … tell; they ought … tell the truth.

Упр. 4. Сделайте предложения отрицательными и вопросительными.

1. You can lift this box. 2. I could translate this text then. 3. I may smoke at the performance. 4. You must leave the room at once. 5. You should take an aspirin. 6. We will have to change our style of living. 7. We are to hand in our projects on Monday. 8. Ann can dance well. 9. They could do it themselves. 10. Alice can give you her book.

Упр. 5. Поставьте следующие предложения в прошедшее и будущее время.

1. The students have to work hard. 2. I can go shopping with you. 3. We may borrow books from the library. 4. They are to read all texts from this book. 5. We must help him. 6. You may ask any questions you like. 7. She can act on the stage well. 8. We must discuss this problem in detail. 9. She has to take part in the conference. 10. He may come in. 11. You must pay your taxes. 12. I can run very fast. 13. They are to answer these questions. 14. They have to get up early.

Упр. 6. Раскройте скобки, выбрав нужный модальный глагол.

1. The talker (can, must) remember that conversation (must, should) serve a purpose (цель). 2. We often (may, have to) use encyclopaedias where we (must, can) find information that we need at the moment. 3. Writers do not always express things directly so that you (have to, may) think carefully to see what they mean. 4. Reading a book (may, should) be a conversation between you and the author. 5. To achieve (чтобы достичь) progress in any subject we (may, must) discuss things. 6. You (can’t, shouldn’t) worry. 7. When we are introduced to new people we (may, should) try to appear friendly (казаться дружелюбными). 8. You (must, can) be there on time. 9. I (may, have to) get up early. 10. The lecturer (may, must) remember the names of his students.

Упр. 7. Переведите, указав значения модальных to be и to have.

1. We are to meet Jane at the station. 2. Helen is to go to the country. 3. Ann has to cook dinner as her mother is away. 4. They had to wait long as she didn’t return in time. 5. The Dean isn’t in the Dean’s office. You will have to come here again. 6. What time were they to come here yesterday? 7. My sister is to arrive on Sunday. 8. We are to take four exams in winter. 9. The train goes out at 5 a.m., so we shall have to get up early. 10. The meeting is to take place after classes.

Упр. 8. Поставьте нужную форму глагола to be. Предложения переведите.

1. The lecture … to begin at eight. 2. She … to come and help. 3. You … to learn all the new words. 4. The planters … to gather their cotton at once. 5. I … to leave tomorrow. 6. The youngest children … to play on the beach. 7. We … to wait for them at the door. 8. He … to meet her at the station yesterday. 9. They … to stay at that hotel yesterday. 10. They … to start on Monday.

Упр. 9. Поставьте нужную форму глагола to have. Предложения переведите.

1. She … to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. 2. I … to finish some work at the phonetics laboratory. 3. The child has stomach trouble (проблемы с желудком) and … to take castor oil. 4. If I don’t ring up before six o’clock, then you … to go to the concert hall alone. 5. He … to wear glasses as my eyesight (зрение) is very weak. 6. You … to do it alone. Without anybody’s help. 7. They … to translate this article. 8. It’s raining. You … to put on your rain-coat. 9. I didn’t feel well yesterday but I … to go to the University because I was to take an exam. 10. The text is rather difficult that’s why you … to look the new words up in the dictionary.

Упр. 10. Передайте следующие предложения в пассивном залоге. Предложения переведите.

Образец: You must do it. – It must be done.

Вам нужно это сделать. – Это нужно сделать.

You can do it. – It can be done.

Ты можешь это сделать. – Это можно сделать.

1. You must do three of these exercises tomorrow. 2. You can find the book you need in any library. 3. We must send these letters at once. 4. You must take the box to the station. 5. You can cross the river on a raft. 6. The workers can finish the building of the house very soon. 7. You must return the books the day after tomorrow. 8. I can easily forgive this mistake. 9. You can find such berries everywhere. 10. You must do this work very carefully.

Упр. 11. Неопределенное местоимение one может быть подлежащим для обозначения неопределенного лица. Такие предложения на русский язык переводятся неопределенно-личными предложениями.

One can see – можно видеть

One must know – нужно знать