Файл: English Grammar in Use_Raymond Murphy_2nd ed.doc

B. We use the present simple to talk about things in general. We are not thinking only about now. We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general. It is not important whether the action is happening at the time of speaking:

* Nurses took after patients in hospitals.

* I usually go away at weekends.

* The earth goes round the sun.

Remember that we say: he/she/it -s. Don't forget the s:

I work ... but He works ... They teach ... but My sister teaches ...

For spelling (-s or -es), see Appendix 6.

C. We use do/does to make questions and negative sentences:

do I/we/you/they work?/come?/do?

does he/she/it work?/come?/do?

I/we/you/they don't work/come/do

he/she/it doesn't work/come/do

* I come from Canada. Where do you come from?

* 'Would you like a cigarette?' 'No, thanks. I don't smoke.'

* What does this word mean? (not 'What means this word?')

* Rice doesn't grow in cold climates.

In the following examples do is also the main verb:

* 'What do you do?' (= What's your job?) 'I work in a shop.'

* He's so lazy. He doesn't do anything to help me. (not 'He doesn't anything')

D. We use the present simple when we say how often we do things:

* I get up at 8 o'clock every morning. (not 'I'm getting')

* How often do you go to the dentist? (not 'How often are you going?')

* Ann doesn't drink tea very often.

* In summer John usually plays tennis once or twice a week.

E. I promise/I apologise etc.

Sometimes we do things by saying something. For example, when you promise to do something, you can say 'I promise ...'; when you suggest something, you can say J suggest ...'. We use the present simple (promise/suggest etc.) in sentences like this:

* I promise I won't be late. (not 'I'm promising')

* 'What do you suggest I do?' 'I suggest that you ...'

In the same way we say: I apologise .../I advise .../I insist .../I agree ... /I refuse ... etc.

EXERCISES

2.1 Complete the sentences using one of the following:

cause(s) close(s) drink(s) live(s) open(s) speak(s) take(s) place

1. Ann speaks German very well.

2. I never --- coffee.

3. The swimming pool --- at 9 o'clock and --- at 18.30 every day.

4. Bad driving --- many accidents. causes

5. My parents --- in a very at small flat. live

6. The Olympic Games --- every four years. Take place

2.2 Put the verb into the correct form.

1. Jane doesn't drink (not/drink) tea very often.

2. What time --- (the banks/close) in Britain? Do the banks close

3. 'Where --- (Martin/come) from?' 'He's Scottish.' Does Martin come

4. 'What --- (you/do)?' 'I'm an electrical engineer.' – do you do

5. It --- (take) me an hour to get to work. How long --- (it/take) you? – take, does it take

6. I --- (play) the piano but I --- (not/play) very well. Play , don’t play

7. I don't understand this sentence. What --- (this word/mean)? Does this word mean

2.3 Use one of the following verbs to complete these sentences. Sometimes you need the negative:

believe eat flow go grow make rise tell translate

1. The earth goes round the sun.

2. Rice doesn't grow in Britain.

3. The sun --- in the east. rises

4. Bees --- honey. - make

5. Vegetarians --- meat. – don’t eat

6. An atheist --- in God. doesn’t believe

7. An interpreter --- from one language into another. translates

8. A liar is someone who --- the truth. Does not tell

9. The River Amazon --- into the Atlantic Ocean. flows

2.4 Ask Liz questions about herself and her family.

1. You know that Liz plays tennis. You want to know how often. Ask her.

How often do you play tennis?

2. Perhaps Liz's sister plays tennis too. You want to know. Ask Liz.

--- your sister --- (- does your sister play tennis?)

3. You know that Liz reads a newspaper every day. You want to know which one. Ask her.

--- ( Which newspaper do you read everyday?)

4. You know that Liz's brother works. You want to know what he does. Ask Liz.

--- - what does your brother do?

5. You know that Liz goes to the cinema a lot. You want to know how often. Ask her.

--- How often do you go to the cinema?

6. You don't know where Liz's mother lives. Ask Liz.

--- Where does your mother live ?

2.5 Complete using one of the following.

I apologise I insist I promise I recommend I suggest

1. It's a nice day. I suggest we go out for a walk.

2. I won't tell anybody what you said. ---. I promise

3. (in a restaurant) You must let me pay for the meal. ---. – I insist

4. --- for what I said about you. It wasn't true and I shouldn't have said it. – I apologize

5. The new restaurant in Hill Street is very good --- it. I recommend

UNIT 3. Present continuous and present simple (1) (I am doing and I do)

A. Study the explanations and compare the examples:

Present continuous (I am doing)

Use the continuous for something that is happening at or around the time of speaking.

The action is not finished.

I am doing (now)

* The water is boiling. Can you turn it off?

* Listen to those people. What language are they speaking?

* Let's go out. It isn't raining now.

* 'Don't disturb me. I'm busy.' 'Why? What are you doing?'

* I'm going to bed now. Goodnight!

* Maria is in Britain at the moment. She's learning English.

Use the continuous for a temporary situation:

* I'm living with some friends until I find a flat.

* 'You're working hard today.' 'Yes, I've got a lot to do.'

See Unit I for more information.

Present simple (I do)

Use the simple for things in general or things that happen repeatedly.

I do

* Water boils at 100 degrees celsius.

* Excuse me, do you speak English?

* It doesn't rain very much in summer.

* What do you usually do at weekends?

* What do you do? (= What's your job?)

* I always go to bed before midnight.

* Most people learn to swim when they are children.

Use the simple for a permanent situation:

* My parents live in London. They have lived there all their lives.

* John isn't lazy. He works very hard most of the time.

See Unit 2 for more information.

B. I always do and I'm always doing

Usually we say 'I always do something' (= I do it every time):

* I always go to work by car. (not 'I'm always going')

You can also say 'I'm always doing something', but this has a different meaning. For example:

I've lost my key again. I'm always losing things.

'I'm always losing things' does not mean that I lose things every time. It means that I lose things too often, more often than normal.

'You're always ~ing' means that you do something very often, more often than the speaker thinks is normal or reasonable.

* You're always watching television. You should do something more active.

* John is never satisfied. He's always complaining.

EXERCISES

3.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong.

1. Water boils at 100 degrees celsius. RIGHT

2. The water boils. Can you turn it off? WRONG: is boilling

3. Look! That man tries to open the door of your car. --- wrong, is trying

4. Can you hear those people? What do they talk about? --- wrong, are they talking

5. The moon goes round the earth. ---right

6. I must go now. It gets late. --- wrong, is getting

7. I usually go to work by car. --- right

8. 'Hurry up! It's time to leave.' 'OK, I come.' --- wrong, am coming

9. I hear you've got a new job. How do you get on? --- wrong, are you getting on

3.2 Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or present simple.

1. Let's go out. It isn't raining (not/rain) now.

2. Julia is very good at languages. She speaks (speak) four languages very well.

3. Hurry up! Everybody --- (wait) for you. – is waiting

4. '--- (you/listen) to the radio?' 'No, you can turn it off.' – Are you listening

5. '--- (you/listen) to the radio every day?' 'No, just occasionally.' – Do you listen

6. The River Nile --- (flow) into the Mediterranean. - flows

7. Look at the river. It --- (flow) very fast today - much faster than usual. – is flowing

8. We usually --- (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we --- (not/grow) any. –grow, are not growing

9. 'How is your English?' 'Not bad. It --- (improve) slowly.' Is improving

10. Ron is in London at the moment. He --- (stay) at the Park Hotel. He --- (always/stay) there when he's in London. – is staying, always stays

11. Can we stop walking soon? I --- (start) to feel tired. – am starting

12. 'Can you drive?' 'I --- (learn). My father --- (teach) me.' – am learning, is teaching

13. Normally I --- (finish) work at 5.00, but this week I --- (work) until 6.00 to earn a bit more money. – finish, am working

14. My parents --- (live) in Bristol. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Where --- (your parents/live)? Live, do your parents live

15. Sonia --- (look) for a place to live. She --- (stay) with her sister until she finds somewhere.

- is looking , is staying

16. 'What --- (your father/do)?' 'He's an architect but he --- (not/work) at the moment.'

- does your father do, is not working

17. (at a party) Usually I --- (enjoy) parties but I --- (not/enjoy) this one very much.

- enjoy, am not enjoying

18. The train is never late. It --- (always/leave) on time.

Always leaves

19. Jim is very untidy. He --- (always/leave) his things all over the place.

- is always leaving

3.3 Finish B's sentences. Use always ~ing (see Section B).

1. A: I'm afraid I've lost my key again.

B: Not again! You're always losing your key.

2. A: The car has broken down again.

B: That car is useless! It ---

Is always breaking down

3. A: Look! You've made the same mistake again.

B: Oh no, not again! I ---

Am always making the same mistake

4. A: Oh, I've left the lights on again.

B: Typical! You --- are always leaving the lights on

UNIT 4. Present continuous and present simple (2) (I am doing and I do)

A. We use continuous tenses only for actions and happenings (they are eating/it is raining etc.).

Some verbs (for example, know and like) are not action verbs. You cannot say 'I am knowing' or ,they are liking'; you can only say 'I know', 'they like'.

The following verbs are not normally used in continuous tenses:

like love hate want need prefer know realise suppose mean understand believe remember belong contain consist depend seem

* I'm hungry. I want something to eat. (not 'I'm wanting')

* Do you understand what I mean?

* Ann doesn't seem very happy at the moment.

When think means 'believe', do not use the continuous:

* What do you think (= believe) will happen? (not 'what are you thinking')

but * You look serious. What are you thinking about? (= What is going on in your mind?)

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Файл: English Grammar in Use_Raymond Murphy_2nd ed.doc

1.1 Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the correct form:

1.2 Use the words in brackets to complete the questions.

1.3 Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative (I'm not doing etc.).

1.4 Read this conversation between Brian and Sarah. Put the verbs into the correct form.

1.5 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs: get change rise fall increase