Файл: English Grammar in Use_Raymond Murphy_2nd ed.doc

44.3 Now you have to use (be) supposed to with its other meaning. In each example what happens is different from what is supposed to happen. Use (be) supposed to + one of these verbs:

arrive be block come park phone start

Some of the sentences are negative (like the first example).

1. You_'re not suppose to park_ here. It's private parking only.

2. The train _was supposed to arrive_ at 11.30, but it was an hour late.

3. What are the children doing at home? They --- at school at this time.

4. We --- work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.

5. This door is a fire exit. You --- it.

6. Oh dear! I --- Ann but I completely forgot.

7. They arrived very early--at 2 o'clock. They --- until 3.30.

UNIT 45. Have something done

A. Study this example situation:

The roof of Jill's house was damaged in a storm, so she arranged for somebody to repair it. Yesterday a workman came and did the job.

Jill had the roof repaired yesterday.

This means: Jill arranged for somebody else to repair the roof. She didn't repair it herself.

We use have something done to say that we arrange for somebody else to do something for us.

Compare:

* Jill repaired the roof. (= she repaired it herself)

* Jill had the roof repaired. (= she arranged for somebody else to repair it)

Study these sentences:

* Did Ann make the dress herself or did she have it made?

* 'Are you going to repair the car yourself?' 'No, I'm going to have it repaired.'

Be careful with word order. The past participle (repaired/cut etc.) is after the object (the roof your hair etc.):

have + object + past participle

Jill had the roof repaired yesterday.

Where did you have your hair cut?

Your hair looks nice. Have you had it cut?

Julia has just had central heating installed in her house.

We are having the house painted at the moment.

How often do you have your car serviced?

I think you should have that coat cleaned soon.

I don't like having my photograph taken.

B. You can also say 'get something done' instead of 'have something done' (mainly in informal spoken English):

* When are you going to get the roof repaired? (= have the roof repaired)

* I think you should get your hair cut.

C. Sometimes have something done has a different meaning. For example:

* Jill and Eric had all their money stolen while they were on holiday.

Of course this does not mean that they arranged for somebody to steal their money. 'They had all their money stolen' means only: 'All their money was stolen from them.'

With this meaning, we use have something done to say that something happens to somebody or their belongings. Usually what happens is not nice:

* George had his nose broken in a fight.

* Have you ever had your passport stolen?

EXERCISES

45.1 Tick (V) the correct sentence, (a) or (b), for each picture.

1. SARAH

a Sarah is cutting her hair.

b Sarah is having her hair cut.

2. BILL

a Bill is cutting his hair.

b Bill is having his hair cut.

3. JOHN

a John is cleaning his shoes.

b John is having his shoes cleaned.

4. SUE

a Sue is taking a photograph.

b Sue is having her photograph taken.

45.2 Why did you do these things? Answer using 'have something done'. Use one of these verbs:

clean cut repair service

1. Why did you take your car to the garage? _To have it serviced._

2. Why did you take your jacket to the cleaner's? To ---

3. Why did you take your watch to the jeweller's? ---

4. Why did you go to the hairdresser? ---

45.3 Write sentences in the way shown.

1. Jill didn't repair the roof herself. She _had it repaired._

2. I didn't cut my hair myself. I ---

3. They didn't paint the house themselves. They ---

4. Sue didn't make the curtains herself. ---

45.4 Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use the structure 'have something done'.

1. We _are having the house painted_ (the house/paint) at the moment.

2. I lost my key. I'll have to --- (another key/make).

3. When was the last time you --- (your hair/cut)?

4. You look different --- (you/your hair/cut)?

5. --- (you/a newspaper/deliver) to your house or do you go to the shop to buy one?

6. A: What are those workmen doing in your garden?

B: Oh, we --- (a swimming pool/build).

7. A: Can I see the photographs you took when you were on holiday?

B: I'm afraid I --- (not/the film/develop) yet.

8. This coat is dirty. I must --- (it/clean).

9. If you want to wear earrings, why don't you --- (your ears/pierce)?

45.5 Now you have to use 'have something done' with its second meaning (see Section c).

1. George's nose was broken in a fight.

What happened to George? _He had his nose broken in a fight._

2. Sarah's bag was stolen on a train.

What happened to Sarah? She ---

3. Fred's hat was blown off in the wind.

What happened to Fred? ---

4. Diane's passport was taken away from her by the police.

What happened to Diane? ---

UNIT 46. Reported speech (1) (He said that ...)

A. Study this example situation:

You want to tell somebody else what Tom said.

There are two ways of doing this:

You can repeat Tom's words (direct speech):

Tom said 'I'm feeling ill.'

Or you can use reported speech:

Tom said that he was feeling ill.

Compare:

direct: Tom said I am feeling ill.' in writing we use these to show direct speech.

reported: Tom said that he was feeling ill.

B. When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past (Tom said that ... I told her that... etc.). The rest of the sentence is usually past too:

* Tom said that he was feeling ill.

* I told her that I didn't have any money.

You can leave out that:

* Tom said (that) he was feeling ill.

* I told her (that) I didn't have any money.

In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech:

am/is -> was

do/does -> did

will -> would

are -> were

have/has -> had

can -> could

want/like/know/go etc. -> want/liked/knew/went etc.

Compare direct speech and reported speech:

You met Judy. Here are some of the things she said to you in direct speech:

Judy:

'my parents are very well.'

'I'm going to learn to drive.'

'John has given up his job.'

'I can't come to the party on Friday.'

'I want to go away for a holiday but I don't know where to go.' 'I'm going away for a few days. I'll phone you when I get back.'

Later you tell somebody what Judy said. You use reported speech:

* Judy said that her parents were very well.

* She said that she was going to learn to drive.

* She said that John had given up his job.

* She said that she couldn't come to the party on Friday.

* She said that she wanted to go away for a holiday but (she) didn't know where to go.

* She said that she was going away for a few days and would phone me when she got back.

C. The past simple (did/saw/knew etc.) can usually stay the same in reported speech, or you can change it to the past Perfect (had done/had seen/had known etc.):

direct: Tom said: 'I woke up feeling ill, so I didn't go to work.'

reported: Tom said (that) he woke up feeling ill, so he didn't go to work. or Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn't gone to work.

EXERCISES

46.1 Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Charlie. Here are some of the things Charlie said to you:

1. I'm living in London now.

2. My father isn't very well.

3. Sharon and Paul are getting married next month.

4. Margaret has had a baby.

5. I don't know what Fred is doing.

6. I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.

7. I haven't seen Diane recently.

8. I'm not enjoying my job very much.

9. You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London.

10. My car was stolen a few weeks ago.

11. I want to go on holiday but I can't afford it.

12. I'll tell Ann I saw you.

Later that day you tell another friend what Charlie said. Use reported speech.

1. _Charlie said that he was living in London now._

2. He said that ---

3. He ---

4. ---

5. ---

6. ---

7. ---

8. ---

9. ---

10. ---

11. ---

12. ---

46.2 Somebody says something to you which is the opposite of what they said before. Write a suitable answer beginning I thought you said ....

1. A: That restaurant is expensive.

B: is It? _I thought you said it was cheap._

2. A: Ann is coming to the party tonight.

B: Is she? I thought you said she ---

3. A: Ann likes Paul.

B: Does she? I thought ---

4. A: I know lots of people.

B: Do you? I thought you said you ---

5. A: I'll be here next week.

B: Will you? ---

6. A: I'm going out this evening.

B: Are you? ---

7. A: I can speak a little French.

B: Can you? ---

8. A: I haven't been to the cinema for ages.

B: Haven't you? ---

UNIT 47. Reported speech (2)

A. It is not always necessary to change the verb when you use reported speech. If you report. something and it is still true, you do not need to change the verb:

* direct: Tom said 'New York is more lively than London.'

reported: Tom said that New York is more lively than London.

(New York is still more lively. The situation hasn't changed.)

* direct: Ann said 'I want to go to New York next year.'

reported: Ann said that she wants to go to New York next year.

(Ann still wants to go to New York next year.)

Note that it is also correct to change the verb into the past:

* Tom said that New York was more lively than London.

* Ann said that she wanted to go to New York next year.

But you must use a past form when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. Study this example situation:

You met Sonia a few days ago.

She said: 'Jim is ill.' (direct speech)

Later that day you see Jim. He is looking well and carrying a tennis racket.

You say: 'I didn't expect to see you, Jim. Sonia said you were ill.

(not 'Sonia said you are ill', because clearly he is not ill.)

B. Say and tell

If you say who you are talking to, use tell:

* Sonia told me that you were ill. (not 'Sonia said me')

* What did you tell the police? (not 'say the police')

Otherwise use say:

* Sonia said that you were ill. (not 'Sonia told that ...')

* What did you say?

But you can say something to somebody':

* Ann said goodbye to me and left. (not 'Ann said me goodbye')

* What did you say to the police?

C. Tell/ask somebody to do something

We also use the infinitive (to do/to stay etc.) in reported speech, especially with tell and ask (for orders and requests):

* direct: 'Stay in bed for a few days,' the doctor said to me.

reported: The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days.

* direct: 'Don't shout,' I said to Jim.

reported: I told Jim not to shout.

* direct: 'Please don't tell anybody what happened,' Ann said to me.

reported: Ann asked me not to tell anybody what (had) happened.

'... said to do something' is also possible:

* The doctor said to stay in bed for a few days. (but not 'The doctor said me ...')

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Файл: English Grammar in Use_Raymond Murphy_2nd ed.doc

44.1 Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the underlined word in your sentence.

44.2 People say a lot of things about Arthur. For example: