ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 04.08.2024
Просмотров: 2428
Скачиваний: 0
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
1.1 Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the correct form:
1.2 Use the words in brackets to complete the questions.
1.3 Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative (I'm not doing etc.).
1.4 Read this conversation between Brian and Sarah. Put the verbs into the correct form.
1.5 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs: get change rise fall increase
2.1 Complete the sentences using one of the following:
2.2 Put the verb into the correct form.
2.3 Use one of the following verbs to complete these sentences. Sometimes you need the negative:
2.4 Ask Liz questions about herself and her family.
2.5 Complete using one of the following.
3.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong.
3.2 Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
4.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
4.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
5.1 Read what Sharon says about a typical working day:
5.2 Put one of these verbs in each sentence:
5.3 A friend has just come back from holiday. You ask him about it. Write your questions.
5.4 Complete the sentences, Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
6.2 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use the past continuous.
6.3 Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
6.4 Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
7.2 Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following:
7.4 Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.
8.2 Complete Bs answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use a verb from this list:
8.3 Complete these sentences using today/this year/this term etc.
8.4 Read the situations and write sentences as shown in the examples.
9.1 What have these people been doing or what has been happening?
9.2 Write a question for each situation.
9.3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
10.1 Read the situations and write two sentences using the words in brackets.
10.2 For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.
11.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct them if they are wrong.
11.2 Read the situations and write questions from the words in brackets.
11.3 Complete Bs answers to a's questions.
12.1 Write questions with how long and when.
12.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences beginning in the way shown.
12.4 Write Bs sentences using the words in brackets.
13.1 What has happened in these situations?
13.2 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
13.3 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
13.4 (Section c) Put the verb into the most suitable form, present perfect or past simple.
14.1 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
14.2 Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.
14.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
14.4 Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.
15.1 Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.
15.2 Read the situations and write sentences ending with before. Use the verb given in brackets.
15.4 Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.).
16.1 Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets.
16.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
17.1 Write negative sentences with have. Some are present (can't) and some are past (couldn't).
17.2 Complete these questions with have. Some are present and some are past.
18.2 Brian changed his lifestyle. He stopped doing some things and started doing other things:
18.3 Compare what Carol said five years ago and what she says today:
19.3 Have you arranged to do anything at these times? Write (true) sentences about yourself.
19.4 Put the verb into the more suitable form, present continuous or present simple.
20.2 Write a question with going to for each situation.
20.3 Read the situations and complete the dialogues. Use going to.
20.4 What is going to happen in these situations? Use the words in brackets.
21.2 Read the situations and write sentences with I think I'll ... Or I don't think I'll ...
21.3 Which is correct? (If necessary, study Units 19-20 first.)
21.4 What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with shall I ...? or shall we ...?
22.3 Put in will ('ll) or won't.
22.4 Where will you be at these times? Write true sentences about yourself. Use one of these:
23.1 Complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.
23.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.
24.2 Put the verb into the correct form, will be (do)ing or will have (done).
25.2 Make one sentence from two.
25.3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
26.2 Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.
26.4 Complete the answers to the questions with was/were able to.
26.5 Complete the sentences using could, couldn't or was/were able to.
27.1 Answer the questions with a suggestion. Use could.
27.2 Put in can or could. Sometimes either word is possible.
27.4 Read this information about Ken:
28.2 Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form.
29.1 Write these sentences in a different way using may or might.
29.2 Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form.
29.3 Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets. Use may or might.
29.4 Complete the sentences using might not or couldn't.
30. Write sentences with may or might.
30.4 Write sentences with may not or might not.
30.5 Read the situations and make sentences with may/might as well.
31.2 Make questions with have to.
31.4 Complete these sentences with mustn't or don't/doesn't have to.
32.2 Complete the sentences with must, mustn't or needn't.
32.3 Read the situations and make sentences with needn't have.
33.2 Read the situations and write sentences with I think/I don't think ... Should...
34.1 Write a sentence (beginning in the way shown) that means the same as the first sentence.
34.2 Are these sentences right or wrong?
34.4 Complete these sentences using if ... Should... .
35.1 Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need only one word, sometimes two.
35.2 Read the situations and write sentences with had better. Use the words in brackets.
35.3 Put in had better or should. Sometimes either is possible.
35.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It's time (somebody did something).
36.1 Read the situations and write questions beginning Can ... Or Could ...
36.2 Read the situations and write questions beginning Do you think ...
36.3 What would you say in these situations?
37.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
37.2 You ask a friend questions. Use What would you do if ...?
37.3 Answer the questions in the way shown.
37.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
38.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
38.2 Write a sentence with If ... For each situation.
38.3 Write sentences beginning I wish ...
38.4 Write your own sentences beginning I wish ...
39.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
39.2 Write a sentence with if for each situation.
39.3 Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish ...
40.2 Write sentences using promised.
40.3 What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with I wish ... Would ...
40.4 Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
40.5 These sentences are about things that often happened in the past. Complete the sentences using
41.1 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:
41.2 Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.
41.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.
41.4 Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. Write a passive sentence.
42.1 What do these words mean? Use it can ... Or it can't... . Use a dictionary if necessary.
42.2 Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):
42.3 Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody' or 'they', write a passive sentence.
43.2 Write these sentences in another way, beginning in the way shown.
44.2 People say a lot of things about Arthur. For example:
45.1 Tick (V) the correct sentence, (a) or (b), for each picture.
45.2 Why did you do these things? Answer using 'have something done'. Use one of these verbs:
45.3 Write sentences in the way shown.
45.4 Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use the structure 'have something done'.
45.5 Now you have to use 'have something done' with its second meaning (see Section c).
46.1 Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Charlie. Here are some of the things Charlie said to you:
47.1 Here are some things that Ann said to you:
47.2 Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.
47.3 (Section c) The following sentences are direct speech:
48.1 Ask Liz questions. (Look at her answers before you write the questions.)
48.2 Make questions with who or what.
48.3 Put the words in brackets in the correct order. All the sentences are questions.
48.4 Write negative questions from the words in brackets. In each situation you are surprised.
49.1 Make a new sentence from the question in brackets.
50.2 You never agree with Sue. Answer in the way shown.
51.1 Put a question tag on the end of these sentences.
52.1 Complete each sentence with one of these verbs:
1.3 The following verbs can be regular or irregular:
2. Choose the right alternative.
4. Use your own ideas to complete b's sentences.
7. Put the verbs into the correct form.
8. Put the verb into the most suitable form.
12. Put the verbs in the most suitable form. Sometimes there is more than one possibility.
13. Put the verb into the correct form. Choose from the following:
15. Make sentences from the words in brackets.
16. Put the verb into the correct form.
18. Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
19. Put the verb into the correct form.
20. Put the verb into the most suitable passive form.
21. Put the verb into the correct form, active or passive.
22. Read these newspaper reports and put the verbs into the most suitable form.
23. Put the verb into the correct form.
24. Make sentences from the words in brackets.
25. Complete the second sentence so that the meaning is similar to the first.
27. Choose the right alternative.
28. Put in one of the following prepositions: at on in for since during by until
29. Put in the missing preposition.
30. Put in the missing preposition.
* I've done a lot of work today.
We use the present perfect for a period of time that continues from the past until now. For example, today, this week, since 1985.
* It hasn't rained this week.
* Have you seen Ann this morning? (it is still morning)
* Have you seen Ann recently?
* I don't know where Ann is. I haven't seen her. (= I haven't seen her recently)
* We've been waiting for an hour. (we are still waiting now)
* Ian lives in London. He has lived there for seven years.
* I have never played golf. (in my life)
The present perfect always has a connection with now. See Units 7-12.
Past simple (did)
* I did a lot of work yesterday.
We use the past simple for a finished time in the past. For example, yesterday, last week, from 1985 to 1991.
* It didn't rain last week.
* Did you see Ann this morning? (it is now afternoon or evening)
* Did you see Ann on Sunday?
* A: Was Ann at the party on Sunday?
B: I don't think so. I didn't see her.
* We waited (or were waiting) for an hour. (we are no longer waiting)
* Ian lived in Scotland for ten years.
Now he lives in London.
* I didn't play golf when I was on holiday last summer.
The past simple tells us only about the past. See Units 5-6.
EXERCISES
14.1 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
1. _I've lost_ my key. I can't find it anywhere. RIGHT
2. _Have you seen_ the news on television last night? WRONG: Did you see
3. _I've bought_ a new car. Do you want to see it? ---
4. _I've bought_ a new car last week. ---
5. Where _have you been_ yesterday evening? ---
6. Jenny _has left_ school in 1991. ---
7. I'm looking for Mike. _Have you seen_ him? ---
8. I'm very hungry. _I haven't eaten_ anything today. ---
9. Diane _hasn't been_ at work yesterday. ---
10. When _has this book been_ published? ---
14.2 Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.
1. (it/not/rain/this week) It hasn't rained this week.
2. (the weather/be/cold/recently) The weather ---
3. (it cold/last week) It ---
4. (I not/read/a newspaper yesterday) I ---
5. (I not/read/a newspaper today)
6. (Ann/earn/a lot of money/this year)
7. (she not/earn/so much/last year)
8. (you have/a holiday recently?)
14.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
1. I don't know where Amy is. Have you seen (you/see) her?
2. When I --- (get) home last night, I --- (be) very tired and I --- (go) straight to bed.
3. Your car looks very clean --- (you/wash) it?
4. George --- (not/be) very well last week.
5. Mr Clark --- (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.
6. Molly lives in Dublin. She --- (live) there all her life.
7 --- (you/go) to the cinema last night?' 'Yes, but it --- (be) a mistake. The film (be) awful.
8. My grandfather --- (die) 30 years ago. I --- (never/meet) him.
9. I don't know Carol's husband. I --- (never/meet/him).
10. A: Is your father at home?
B: No, I'm afraid he --- (go) out.
A: When exactly --- (he/go) out? B: About ten minutes ago.
11. A: Where do you live?
B: In Boston.
A: How long --- (you/live) there?
B: Five years.
A: Where --- (you/live) before that?
B: In Chicago.
A: And how long --- (you/live) in Chicago?
B: Two years.
14.4 Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.
1. (something you haven't done today)
I haven't eaten any fruit today.
2. (something you haven't done today)
3. (something you didn't do yesterday)
4. (something you did yesterday evening)
5. (something you haven't done recently)
6. (something you've done a lot recently)
UNIT 15. Past perfect (I had done)
A. Study this example situation:
Sarah went to a party last week. Paul went to the party too but they didn't see each other. Paul went home at 10.30 and Sarah arrived at 11 o'clock. So:
When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul wasn't there. He had gone home.
Had gone is the past perfect (simple):
I/we/they/you or he/she/it had (= I'd etc./he'd etc.) gone/seen/finished etc.
The past perfect simple is had + past participle (gone/seen/finished etc.). For a list of irregular verbs, see Appendix 1.
Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past:
* Sarah arrived at the party.
This is the starting point of the story. Then, if we want to talk about things that happened before this time, we use the past perfect (had ... ):
* When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.
Some more examples:
* When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat.
* Karen didn't want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen the film.
* At first I thought I'd done the right thing, but I soon realised that I'd made a serious mistake.
* The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn't flown before./He had never flown before.
B. Had done (past perfect) is the past of have done (present perfect). Compare:
present perfect
* Who is that woman? I've never seen her before.
* We aren't hungry. We've just had lunch.
* The house is dirty. They haven't cleaned it for weeks.
past perfect
* I didn't know who she was. I'd never seen her before. (= before that time)
* We weren't hungry. We'd just had lunch.
* The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned it for weeks.
C. Compare the past perfect (I had done) and past simple (I did):
* 'Was Tom at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he had already gone home.'
but 'Was Tom there when you arrived?' 'Yes, but he went home soon afterwards.'
* Ann wasn't at home when I phoned. She was in London.
but Ann had just got home when I phoned. She had been in London.
EXERCISES
15.1 Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.
1. You went to Jill's house but she wasn't there. (she/go/out) She had gone out.
2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn't the same as before.
(it/change/a lot)
3. I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn't come.
(she/arrange/to do something else)
4. You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late.
(the film/already/begin)
5. I was very pleased to see tim again after such a long time.
(I/not/see/him for five years)
6. I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn't hungry.
(she/just/have/breakfast)
15.2 Read the situations and write sentences ending with before. Use the verb given in brackets.
1. The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight.
(fly) He had never flown before. OR He hadn't flown before.
2. A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me.
(see) I --- before.
3. Simon played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very good at it because it was his first game.
(play) He ---
4. Last year we went to Denmark. It was our first time there (be) We ---
15.3 Use the sentences on the left to complete the paragraphs on the right. These sentences are in the order in which they happened - so (1) happened before (2), (2) before (3) etc. But your paragraph begins with the underlined sentence, so sometimes you need the past perfect.
1. (1) Somebody broke into the office during the night.
(2) _We arrived at work in the morning._
(3) We called the police
We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night. So we ---
2. (1) Ann went out.
(2) _I tried to phone her_ this morning.
(3) There was no answer.
I tried to phone Ann this morning but --- no answer. She --- out.
3. (1) Jim came back from holiday a few days ago.
(2) _I met him the same day._
(3) He looked very well.
I met Jim a few days ago. He --- just --- He ---
4. (1) Kevin wrote to Sally many times.
(2) She never replied to his letters.
(3) _Yesterday he had a phone call from her._
(4) He was very surprised.
Yesterday Kevin --- He --- very surprised. He --- many times but she ---
15.4 Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.).
1. 'Was Tom at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he had gone (go) home.'
2. I felt very tire when I got home, so I --- (go) straight to bed.
3. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody --- (go) to bed.
4. Sorry I'm late. The car --- (break) down on my way here.
5. We were driving along the road when we --- (see) a car which. --- (break) down, so we --- (stop) to see if we could help.
UNIT 16. Past perfect continuous (I had been doing)
A. Study this example situation:
Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining but the ground was very wet.
It had been raining.
It was not raining when I looked out of the window; the sun was shining. But it had been raining before. That's why the ground was wet.
Had been ~ing is the past perfect continuous:
I/we/you/they had(= I'd etc.) been doing/working/playing etc.
he/she/it had (= he'd etc.) been doing/working/playing etc.
Some more examples:
* When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye. They'd been fighting.
* I was very tired when I arrived home. I'd been working hard all day.
B. You can say that something had been happening for a period of time before something else happened:
* Our game of tennis was interrupted. We'd been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain very heavily.
* Ken gave up smoking two years ago. He'd been smoking for 30 years.
C. Had been ~ing (past Perfect continuous) is the past of have been ~ing (present perfect continuous). Compare:
present perfect continuous
* I hope the bus comes soon. I've been waiting for 20 minutes. (before now)
* He's out of breath. He has been running.
past perfect continuous
* At last the bus came. I'd been waiting for 20 minutes. (before the bus came)
* He was out of breath. He had been running.
D. Compare had been doing and was doing (past continuous):
* It wasn't raining when we went out. The sun was shining. But it had been raining, so the ground was wet.
* Ann was sitting in an armchair watching television. She was tired because she'd been working very hard.
E. Some verbs (for example, know and want) are not normally used in the continuous:
* We were good friends. We had known each other for years. (not 'had been knowing')
For a list of these verbs, see Unit 4A.
EXERCISES