Файл: English Grammar in Use_Raymond Murphy_2nd ed.doc

Key to exercises

In some of the exercises, you have to use your own ideas to write sentences. Example answers are given in the key. If possible, check your answers with somebody who speaks English well.

UNIT 1

1.1

2 'm looking/am looking

3 's getting/is getting

4 're staying/are staying

5 'm coming/am coming

6 's starting/is starting

7 're making/are making ... 'm trying/am trying

8 's happening/is happening

1.2

2 are you looking

3 's she studying/is she studying

4 Is anybody listening

5 Is it getting

1.3

3 'm not enjoying/am not enjoying

4 's having/is having

5 'm not eating/am not eating

6 's learning/is learning

7 aren't speaking/'re not speaking/are not speaking

1.4

1 are you doing

2 'm training/am training

3 Are you enjoying

4 'm not working/am not working

5 'm trying/am trying

6 'm decorating/am decorating

7 Are you doing

8 are helping

1.5

2 's getting/is getting

3 is changing

4 is rising or is increasing

5 's getting/is getting

UNIT 2

2.1

2 drink

3 opens ... closes

4 causes

5 live

6 take place

2.2

2 do the banks close

3 does Martin come

4 do you do

5 takes ... does it take

6 play ... don't play

7 does this word mean

2.3

3 rises

4 make

5 don't eat

6 doesn't believe

7 translates

8 doesn't tell

9 flows

2.4

2 Does your sister play tennis?

3 Which newspaper do you read?

4 What does your brother do? or What is your brother's job?

5 How often do you go to the cinema?

6 Where does your mother live?

2.5

2 I promise

3 I insist

4 I apologise

5 I recommend

UNIT 3

3.1

3 wrong--is trying

4 wrong--are they talking

5 right

6 wrong--'s getting/is getting

7 right

8 wrong--'m coming/am coming

9 wrong--are you getting

3.2

3 's waiting/is waiting

4 Are you listening

5 Do you listen

6 flows

7 's flowing/is flowing

8 grow ... aren't growing/'re not growing/are not growing

9 's improving/is improving

10 's staying/is staying ... always stays

11 'm starting/am starting

12 'm learning am learning ... is teaching

13 finish ... 'm working/am working

14 live ... do your parents live

15 is looking ... 's staying/is staying

16 does your father do ... isn't working/'s not working/is not working

17 enjoy ... 'm not enjoying/am not enjoying

18 always leaves

19 's always leaving/is always leaving (always leaves is also possible)

3.3

2 It's always breaking down.

3 I'm always making the same mistake./... that mistake.

4 You're always leaving the lights

UNIT 4

4.1

2 right

3 wrong--Do you believe

4 wrong--It tastes

5 wrong--I think

4.2

2 What are you doing? I'm thinking.

3 Who does this umbrella belong to?

4 The dinner smells good.

5 Is anybody sitting here?

6 I'm having dinner.

4.3

2 doesn't belong/does not belong

3 'm using/am using

4 need

5 does he want

6 is he looking

7 believes

8 don't remember/do not remember

9 'm thinking/am thinking

10 think ... don't use/do not use

11 prefer

12 consists

4.4

2 is being

3 is

4 are you being

5 Is she

UNIT 5

5.1

2 had

3 She walked to work

4 It took her (about) half an hour

5 She started work

6 She didn't have (any) lunch./... eat (any) lunch.

7 She finished work

8 She was tired when she got home.

9 She cooked

10 She didn't go

11 She went to bed

12 She slept

5.2

2 taught

3 sold

4 drank

5 won

6 fell ... hurt

7 threw ... caught

8 spent ... bought ... cost

5.3

2 Did you go alone?

3 Was the food good?

4 How long did you stay there?

5 Did you stay at a hotel?

6 How did you travel?

7 Was the weather fine?

8 What did you do in the evenings?

9 Did you meet anybody interesting?

5.4

3 didn't disturb

4 went

5 didn't sleep

6 didn't eat

7 wasn't

8 laughed

9 flew

10 didn't cost

11 didn't have

12 were

UNIT 6

6.1 Example answers:

3 I was working.

4 I was in bed asleep.

5 I was having a meal in a restaurant.

6 I was watching TV at home.

6.2 Example answers:

2 was having a shower.

3 were waiting for the bus.

4 was reading the paper.

5 was watching it.

6.3

1 didn't see ... was looking

2 met ... were going ... was going ... had ... were waiting/waited

3 was cycling ... stepped ... was going ... managed ... didn't hit

6.4

2 were you doing

3 Did you go

4 was wearing (wore is also possible)

5 were you driving ... happened

6 took ... wasn't looking

7 didn't know

8 saw ... was trying

9 was walking ... heard ... was following ... started

10 wanted

UNIT 7

7.1

2 My father has started a new job.

3 I've given up smoking./I have given ...

4 Charles and Sarah have gone to Brazil.

5 Suzanne has had a baby.

7.2

2 She has broken her leg./She's broken ...

3 Her English has improved./It has improved./It's improved.

4 He has grown a beard./He's grown ...

5 The letter has arrived./It has arrived./It's arrived.

6 The bus fare has gone up./It has gone up./It's gone up.

7.3

2 've just seen/have just seen

3 's already left/has already left

4 haven't read it yet

5 's already seen has already seen

6 've just arrived have just arrived

7 haven't told him yet

7.4

2 he's just gone out/he has just gone out

3 I haven't finished yet.

4 I've already done/I have already done

5 Have you found a job yet?

6 she's just come back/she has just come back

7.5

2 been

3 gone

4 gone

5 been

UNIT 8

2 Have you ever been to California?

3 Have you ever run a marathon?

4 Have you ever spoken to a famous person?

5 Have you always lived in this town?

6 What's the most beautiful place you've ever visited?

8.2

2 haven't seen

3 haven't eaten

4 I haven't played (it)

5 I've had/I have had

6 I haven't read

7 I've never been/I haven't been

8 has been late/'s been late

9 I've never tried/I have never tried/I've never eaten

10 it's happened/it has happened that's happened/that has happened

11 I've never seen her/I haven't seen her

8.3

2 haven't read one/a newspaper

3 it hasn't made a profit./it has made a loss.

4 she hasn't worked (very) hard this term.

5 it hasn't snowed (much) this winter.

6 haven't won many/any games this season.

8.4

2 Have you played tennis before? No, this is the first time I've played tennis.

3 Have you ridden a horse before? Have you been on a horse before? No, this is the first time I've ridden a horse./... I've been on a horse.

4 Have you been to London before? No, this is the first time I've been to London.

UNIT 9

9.1

2 have been playing tennis./'ve been playing tennis.

3 has been watching television./'s been watching television.

4 has been running./'s been running.

9.2

2 Have you been waiting long?

3 What have you been doing?

4 How long have you been living in Baker Street?

5 How long have you been selling computers?

9.3

2 have been waiting/'ve been waiting

3 have been learning Spanish 've been learning Spanish

4 She has been looking for a job/She's been looking./Ann has been looking.

5 She has been working in London She's been working./Mary has been working.

6 have been writing to each other 've been writing.

9.4

2 have been looking/'ve been looking

3 are you looking

4 have been going/'ve been going

5 have been thinking/'ve been thinking

6 is working/'s working

7 has been working/'s been working

UNIT 10

10.1

2 She has been travelling for three months. She has visited six countries so far.

3 He has won the national championship four times. He has been playing tennis since he was ten.

4 They have made ten films since they left college. They have been making films since they left college.

10.2

2 How long have you been waiting?

3 How many fish have you caught?

4 How many people have you invited?

5 How long have you been teaching?

6 How many books have you written? How long have you been writing books?

7 How long have you been saving? How much money have you saved?

10.3

2 has broken

3 Have you been working

4 Have you ever worked S has she gone

6 has appeared/'s appeared

7 haven't been waiting

8 has stopped Ps stopped

9 have lost/'ve lost ... Have you seen

10 have been reading/'ve been reading ... haven't finished

11 have read 've read

UNIT 11

11.1

3 wrong--have been married

4 right

5 wrong--has been raining

6 wrong--have you been living

7 wrong--has been working

8 right (see Unit 19A)

9 wrong--haven't smoked

10 wrong--have you had it

11.2

2 How long have you been teaching English?

3 How long have you known Carol?

4 How long has your brother been in Australia?

5 How long have you had that jacket?

6 How long has Alan worked at the airport? or How long has Alan been working.

7 How long have you been having driving lessons?

8 Have you always lived in Glasgow?

11.3

3 has been/'s been

4 have been waiting/'ve been waiting

5 have known/'ve known

6 haven't played

7 has been watching/'s been watching

8 haven't watched

9 have had/'ve had

10 hasn't been

11 have been feeling/'ve been

feeling or have felt/'ve felt

12 has been living/'s been living

13 haven't been

14 have always wanted/'ve always wanted

UNIT 12

12.1

2 How long has she been learning Italian? When did she start learning Italian?

3 How long have you known him/... known Martin? When did you first meet (him/Martin)?

4 How long have they been married? When did they get married? (When did they marry? is possible but less usual)

12.2

3 been ill since Sunday

4 been ill for a few days

5 married two years ago

6 had it for ten years/had this camera for ten years

7 to France three weeks ago

8 been working in a hotel since June

12.3

2 for

3 for

4 since

5 Since

6 for

7 since

8 for

9 since

12.4

2 No, I haven't eaten in a restaurant for ages.

3 No, I haven't seen Sarah for about a month./No, I haven't seen her for.

4 No, I haven't been to the cinema for a long time.

6 No, it's ages since I (last) ate in a restaurant.

7 No, it's about a month since I (last) saw Sarah.

8 No, it's a long time since I (last) went to the cinema.

UNIT 13

13.1

2 has gone to bed/'s gone to bed

3 has fallen/has dropped/ has gone down

4 has turned on the light/has turned the light on/has turned it on

5 has grown/'s grown

6 has taken off

13.2

3 went

4 has gone/'s gone

5 have forgotten/'ve forgotten

6 forgot

7 had

8 has been/'s been

9 haven't finished

10 has just gone/'s just gone

11 arrested

12 gave ... lost or have lost/'ve lost

13 was ... has disappeared/'s disappeared

14 have improved/'ve improved

13.3

3 wrong--did Shakespeare write

4 right

5 wrong--was

6 right

7 wrong--My grandparents got married.

8 wrong--were you born

9 right

10 wrong--was the scientist who developed.

13.4

2 has broken did that happen fell

3 Have you had cut ... Did you go did

UNIT 14

14.1

3 right

4 wrong--I bought

5 wrong--were you

6 wrong--jenny left school

7 right

8 right

9 wrong--wasn't

10 wrong--When was this book published

14.2

2 The weather has been cold recently.

3 It was cold last week.

4 I didn't read a newspaper yesterday.

5 I haven't read a newspaper today.

6 Ann has earned a lot of money this year.

7 She didn't earn so much last year.

8 Have you had a holiday recently?

14.3

2 got ... was ... went

3 Have you washed it? (Did you wash it? is also possible)

4 wasn't

5 worked

6 has lived I 's lived

7 Did you go ... was ... was

8 I died ... never met

9 have never met/I've never met him

10 I'm afraid he has gone out./... he's gone out. When exactly did he go out?

11 How long have you lived there? Where did you live before that? And how long did you live in Chicago?

14.4 Example answers:

2 I haven't bought anything today.

3 I didn't watch TV yesterday.

4 I went out with some friends yesterday evening.

5 I haven't been to the cinema recently.

6 I've been swimming a lot recently.

UNIT 15

15.1

2 It had changed a lot.

3 She had arranged to do something else./She'd arranged.

4 The film had already begun.

5 1 hadn't seen him for five years.

6 She had just had breakfast./She'd just had.

15.2

2 I had never seen her before./I'd never seen.

3 He had never played tennis before./He'd never played.

4 We had never been there before./We'd never been there before. or ... been to Denmark before.

15.3

1 called the police

2 there was ... had gone I'd gone

3 had just come back from holiday/'d just come ... looked very well

4 had a phone call from Sally was had written to her I 'd written. had never replied to his letters/'d never replied.

15.4

2 went

3 had gone

4 broke

5 saw ... had broken ... stopped

UNIT 16

16.1

2 They had been playing football./They'd been playing ...

3 Somebody had been smoking in the room.

4 She had been dreaming./She'd been dreaming.

5 He had been watching TV./He'd been watching.

16.2

2 I had been waiting for 20 minutes when I suddenly realised that I was in the wrong restaurant.

3 At the time the factory closed down, Sarah had been working there for five years.

4 The orchestra had been playing for about ten minutes when a ma in the audience suddenly began shouting

5 Example answer:

I had been walking along the road for about ten minutes when a car suddenly stopped just behind me.

16.3

3 was walking

4 had/'d been running

5 were eating

6 had been eating (had eaten is also possible)

7 was looking

8 was waiting ... had been waiting/'d been waiting

9 had had/'d had

10 had/'d been travelling

UNIT 17

17.1

3 I haven't got a ladder./I don't have a ladder.

4 We didn't have enough time.

5 He didn't have a map.

6 She hasn't got any money./She doesn't have any money.

7 They haven't got a key./They don't have a key.

8 I didn't have a camera.

17.2

2 Have you got/Do you have

3 Did you have

4 Have you got/Do you have

5 did you have

6 Have you got/Do you have

7 Did you have

17.3 Example answers:

2 I've got a bicycle (now). I didn't have a bicycle (ten years ago).

3 I haven't got a guitar (now). I had a guitar (ten years ago).

4 I've got a dog (now). I had a dog (ten years ago).

17.4

2 has a swim

3 had a party

4 have a look

5 is having a rest/'s having a rest

6 had a chat

7 Did you have a nice time

8 had a baby

9 had a cigarette

10 was having a shower

11 Did you have a good flight

UNIT 18

18.1

2 used to have/used to ride

3 used to live

4 used to like/used to love/used to eat

5 used to be

6 used to take

7 used to be

8 did you use to go

18.2

3-6

He used to go to bed early.

He used to run three miles every morning.

He didn't use to go out in the evening.

He didn't use to spend much money./... spend a lot of money

18.3

2-10

She used to play the piano but she hasn't played (the piano) for years.

She used to be very lazy but she works very hard these days.

She didn't use to like cheese but she eats lots of cheese now.

She used to have a dog but it died two years ago.

She used to be a hotel receptionist but she works in a bookshop now.

She used to have lots of friends but she doesn't know many people these days.

She never used to read newspapers but she reads a newspaper every day now.

She didn't use to drink tea but she likes it now.

She used to go to a lot of parties but she hasn't been to a party for ages.

UNIT 19

19.1

2 How long are you staying?

3 When are you going?

4 Are you going alone?

5 Are you travelling by car?

6 Where are you staying?

19.2

2 am working late/'m working late or ... working till 9 o'clock

3 I'm going to the theatre (with my mother)

4 I'm meeting Julia

19.3 Example answers:

2 I'm going to work tomorrow morning.

3 I'm not doing anything tomorrow evening.

4 I'm playing football next Sunday.

5 I'm going to a party this evening.

19.4

3 are having/'re having

4 opens ... finishes

5 am not going/'m not going ... am staying/'m staying

6 Are you doing

7 are going/'re going ... begins

8 does this train get

9 am going /'m going ... Are you coming

10 is coming ... is travelling/'s travelling ... arrives ... am meeting/'m meeting

11 am not using/'m not using

12 does it finish

UNIT 20

20.1

2 I'm going to phone her later.

3 I'm going to do it this afternoon.

4 Not yet. I'm going to read it after dinner.

5 (Not yet.) I'm just going to have it.

20.2

2 What are you going to wear?

3 Where are you going to put it?

4 Who are you going to invite?

20.3

2 I'm going to give it up.

3 I'm not going to take it.

4 I'm going to complain.

20.4

2 He is going to be late.

3 The boat is going to sink.

4 She is going to run out of petrol.

20.5

2 were going to play

3 was going to phone

4 was going to give up

5 were going to have

UNIT 21

21.1

2 I'll turn/I'll switch/I'll put

3 I'll go

4 I'll do

5 I'll show/I'll teach

6 I'll have

7 I'll send

8 I'll give/I'll bring

9 I'll stay/I'll wait

21.3

3 I'll meet

4 I'll lend

5 I'm having

6 I won't forget

7 does your train leave

8 won't tell

9 Are you doing

10 Will you come

11 1 won't tell

21.4

2 Shall I buy it?

3 What shall I give/buy/get Ann (for her birthday)?

4 Where shall we go?

5 Shall we go by car or (shall we) walk?/... or (shall we go) on foot?

6 What time shall I phone (you)?

UNIT 22

22.1

2 I'm going

3 will get

4 is coming

5 we are going

6 It won't hurt

22.2

2 will look

3 will like/'ll like

4 will get/'ll get

5 will be/'ll be

6 will meet/'ll meet

7 will come/'ll come

8 will be/'ll be

22.3

2 won't

3 will/'ll

4 won't

5 will/'ll

6 won't

22.4

Example answers:

2 I'll be in bed.

3 I'll beat work.

4 I expect I'll be at home.