Файл: English Grammar in Use_Raymond Murphy_2nd ed.doc

49.1 Make a new sentence from the question in brackets.

1. (Where has Tom gone?) Do you know where Tom has gone?

2. (Where is the post office?) Could you tell me where ---

3. (What's the time?) I wonder ---

4. (What does this word mean?) I want to know ---

5. (What time did they leave?) Do you know ---

6. (Is Sue going out tonight?) I don't know ---

7. (Where does Carol live?) Have you any idea ---

8. (Where did I park the car?) I can't remember ---

9. (Is there a bank near here?) Can you tell me ---

10. (What do you want?) Tell me ---

11. (Why didn't Kay come to the party?) I don't know ---

12. (Do you have to pay to park here?) Do you know ---

13. (Who is that woman?) I've no idea ---

14. (Did Ann receive my letter?) Do you know ---

15. (How far is it to the airport?) Can you tell me ---

49.2 You are making a phone call. You want to speak to Sue but she isn't there. Somebody else answers the phone. You want to know three things:

(1) Where has she gone? (2) When will she be back? and (3) Did she go out alone?

Complete the conversation:

A: Do you know where ---(1)?

B: Sorry, I've got no idea.

A: Never mind. I don't suppose you know ---(2).

B: No, I'm afraid not.

A: One more thing. Do you happen to know ---(3)?

B: I'm afraid I didn't see her go out.

A: OK. Well, thank you anyway. Goodbye.

49.3 You have been away for a while and have just come back to your home town. You meet Gerry, a friend of yours. He asks you a lot of questions:

1. How are you?

2. Where have you been?

3. How long have you been back?

4. What are you doing now?

5. Where are you living?

6. Why did you come back?

7. Are you glad to be back?

8. Do you have any plans to go away again?

9. can you lend me some money?

Now you tell another friend what Gerry asked you. Use reported speech.

1. _He asked me how I was._

2. He asked me ---

3. He ---

4. ---

5. ---

6. ---

7. ---

8. ---

9. ---

UNIT 50. Auxiliary verbs (have/do/can etc.) I think so/I hope so etc.

A. There are two verbs in each of these sentences:

I have lost my keys.

She can't come to the party.

The hotel was built ten years ago.

Where do you live?

In these examples have/can't/was/do are auxiliary (= helping) verbs.

You can use an auxiliary verb (without the rest of the sentence) when you don't want to repeat something:

* 'Have you locked the door?' 'Yes, I have.' (= I have locked the door)

* George wasn't working but Janet was. (= Janet was working)

* She could lend me the money but she won't. (= she won't lend me the money)

* 'Are you angry with me?' 'Of course I'm not.' (= I'm not angry)

Use do/does/did for the present and past simple:

* 'Do you like onions?' 'Yes, I do. (= I like onions)

* 'Does Mark smoke?' 'He did but he doesn't any more.'

B. We use have you?/isn't she?/do they? etc. to show polite interest in what somebody has said:

* 'I've just met Simon.' 'Oh, have you? How is he?'

* 'Liz isn't very well today.' 'Oh,98 isn't she? What's wrong with her?'

* 'It rained every day during our holiday.' 'Did it? What a pity!'

Sometimes we use these 'short questions' to show surprise:

* 'Jim and Nora are getting married.' 'Are they? Really?'

C. We use auxiliary verbs with so and neither:

* 'I'm feeling tired.' 'So am L' (= I'm feeling tired too)

* 'I never read newspapers.' 'Neither do L' (= I never read newspapers either)

* Sue hasn't got a car and neither has Martin.

Note the word order after so and neither (verb before subject):

* I passed the exam and so did Tom. (not 'so Tom did')

You can use nor instead of neither:

* 'I can't remember his name.' 'Nor can L' or 'Neither can I'

You can also use '...not ... either':

* 'I haven't got any money.' 'Neither have I' or 'Nor have I' or 'I haven't either.'

D. I think so/I hope so etc.

After some verbs you can use so when you don't want to repeat something:

* 'Are those people English?' J think so.' (= I think they are English)

* 'Will you be at home tomorrow morning?' 'I expect so.' (= I expect I'll be at home..)

* 'Do you think Kate has been invited to the party?' 'I suppose so.'

You can also say I hope so, I guess so and I'm afraid so.

The usual negative forms are:

I think so/I expect so -> I don't think so/I don't expect so

I hope so/I'm afraid so/I guess so -> I hope not/I'm afraid not/I guess not

I suppose so/I don't suppose so or I suppose not

* 'Is that woman American?' 'I think so./I don't think so.'

* 'Do you think it's going to rain?' J hope so./I hope not.' (not 'I don't hope so')

EXERCISES

50.1 Complete the sentences with an auxiliary verb (do/was/could/should etc.). Sometimes the verb must be negative (don't/wasn't etc.).

1. I wasn't tired but my friends _were._

2. I like hot weather but Ann ---

3. 'Is Colin here?' 'He --- five minutes ago but I think he's gone home now.'

4. She might phone later this evening but I don't think she ---.

5. 'Are you and Chris coming to the party?' 'I --- but Chris ---.'

6. I don't know whether to apply for the job or not. Do you think I ---?

7. 'Please don't tell anybody what I said.' 'Don't worry. I ---.'

8. 'You never listen to me.' 'Yes, I ---!'

9. 'Can you play a musical instrument?' 'No, but I wish I ---.'

10. 'Please help me.' 'I'm sorry. I --- if I --- but I ---.'

50.2 You never agree with Sue. Answer in the way shown.

1. I'm hungry. _Are you? I'm not._

2. I'm not tired. _Aren't you? I am._

3. I like football. ---

4. I didn't enjoy the film. ---

5. I've never been to South America. ---

6. I thought the exam was quite easy. ---

50.3 You are talking to Tina. Write true sentences about Yourself. Reply with So ... Or Neither... If suitable. Study the two examples carefully.

1. I feel really tired. _So do I_

2. I'm working hard. _Are you? I'm not._

3. I watched television last week. ---

4. I won't be in London next week. ---

5. I live in a small town. ---

6. I'd like to go to the moon. ---

7. I can't play the trumpet. ---

50.4 In these conversations, you are b. Read the information in brackets and then answer with I think so, I hope not etc.

1. (You don't like rain.)

A: Is it going to rain?

B: (hope) _I hope not._

2. (You need more money quickly.)

A: Do you think you'll get a pay rise soon?

B: (hope) ---

3. (You think Diane will probably get the job that she applied for.)

A: I wonder if Diane will get the job.

B: (expect) ---

4. (You're not sure whether Jill is married--probably not.)

A: Is Jill married?

B: (think) ---

5. (You are the receptionist at a hotel. The hotel is full.)

A: Have you got a room for tonight?

B: (afraid) ---

6. (You're at a party. You have to leave early.)

A: Do you have to leave already?

B: (afraid) ---

7. (Ann normally works every day, Monday to Friday. Tomorrow is Wednesday.)

A: Is Ann working tomorrow?

B: (suppose) ---

8. (You are going to a party. You can't stand John.)

A: Do you think John will be at the party?

B: (hope) ---

9. (You're not sure what time the concert is--probably 7.30.)

A: Is the concert at 7.30?

B: (think) ---

UNIT 51. Question tags (do you? isn't it? etc.)

A. Study these examples:

You haven't seen Mary today, have you?

No, I'm afraid not.

It was a good film, wasn't it?

Yes. I really enjoyed it.

Have you? and wasn't it? are question tags (= mini-questions that we often put on the end of a sentence in spoken English). In question tags, we use an auxiliary verb (have/was/will etc.).

We use do/does/did for the present and past simple (see also Unit 50):

* 'Karen plays the piano, doesn't she?' 'Well, yes, but not very well.'

* 'You didn't lock the door, did you?' 'No, I forgot.'

B. Normally we use a negative question tag after a positive sentence:

positive sentence + negative tag

Mary will be here soon, won't she?

There was a lot of traffic, wasn't there?

Jim should pass the exam, shouldn't he?

... and a positive question tag after a negative sentence:

negative sentence + positive tag

Mary won't be late, will she?

They don't like us, do they?

You haven't got a car, have you?

Notice the meaning of yes and no in answer to a negative sentence:

* You're not going out today, are you? Yes. (Yes, I am going out)

* You're not going out today, are you? No. (No, I am not going out)

C. The meaning of a question tag depends on how you say it. If your voice goes down, you aren't really asking a question; you are only inviting the listener to agree with you:

* 'It's a nice day, isn't it?' 'Yes, lovely.'

* 'Tim doesn't look well today, dose he? 'No, he looks very tired.'

* She's very pretty. She's got beautiful eyes, hasn't she?

But if the voice goes up, it is a real question:

* 'You haven't seen Mary today, have you?' 'No, I'm afraid not.'

(= Have you seen Mary today by any chance?)

We often use a negative sentence + positive tag to ask for things or information, or to ask somebody to do something. The voice goes up at the end of the tag in sentences like these:

* 'You haven't got a pen, have you?' 'Yes, here you are.'

* 'You couldn't do me a favour, could you?' 'It depends what it is.'

* 'You don't know where Karen is, do you?'Sorry, I've no idea.'

D. After Let's... the question tag is ... shall we?:

Let's go for a walk, shall we?

After the imperative (Do.../Don't do... etc.), the tag is usually ... will you?:

Open the door, will you?

Don't be late, will you?

Note that we say ... aren't I? (= am I not?):

I'm late, aren't I?

EXERCISES

51.1 Put a question tag on the end of these sentences.

1. Tom won't be late, will her? No, he's never late.

2. You're tired, aren't you? Yes, a little.

3. You've got a camera, ---? Yes, why? Do you want to borrow it?

4. You weren't listening, ---? Yes, I was!

5. Sue doesn't know Ann, ---? No, they've never met.

6. Jack's on holiday, ---? Yes, he's in Portugal.

7. Ann's applied for the job, ---? Yes, but she won't get it.

8. You can speak German, ---? Yes, but not very fluently.

9. He won't mind if I use his phone, ---? No, of course he won't.

10. There are a lot of people here, ---? Yes, more than I expected.

11. Let's go out tonight, ---? Yes, let's.

12. This isn't very interesting, ---? No, not very.

13. I'm too impatient, ---? Yes, you are sometimes.

14. You wouldn't tell anyone ---?No, of course not.

15. Listen, ---? OK, I'm listening.

16. I shouldn't have lost my temper, ---? No, but never mind.

17. Don't drop that vase, ---? No, don't worry.

18. He'd never met her before, ---?, No, that was the first time.

51.2 Read the situation and write a sentence with a question tag. In each situation you are asking your friend to agree with you.

1. You look out of the window. The sky is blue and the sun is shining. What do you say to your friend? (beautiful day)

_It's a beautiful day, isn't_

2. You're with a friend outside a restaurant. You're looking at the prices, which are very high. What do you say? (expensive)

It ---

3. You've just come out of the cinema with a friend'. You really enjoyed the film. What do you say to your friend? (great)

The film ---

4. You and a friend are listening to a woman singing. You like her voice very much. What do you say to your friend? (a lovely voice)

She ---

5. You are trying on a jacket. You look in the mirror and you don't like what you see. What do you say to your friend? (not/took/very good)

It ---

6. Your friend's hair is much shorter than when you last met. What do you say to her/him? (have/your hair/cut)

You ---

7. You and a friend are walking over a wooden bridge. It is very old and some parts are broken. What do you say? (not/very safe)

This bridge ---

51.3 In these situations you are asking for information and asking people to do things. Make sentences like those in Section C.

1. You need a pen. Perhaps Jane has got one. Ask her.

Jane, you haven't got a pen. have you?

2. Jack is just going out. You want him to get you some stamps. Ask him.

Jack, you ---

3. You're looking for Ann. Perhaps Kate knows where she is. Ask her.

Kate, you ---

4. You need a bicycle pump. Perhaps Helen has got one. Ask her.

Helen ---

5. You're looking for your keys. Perhaps Robin has seen them. Ask him.

UNIT 52. Verb + ~ing (enjoy doing/stop doing etc.)

A. Look at these examples:

* I enjoy dancing. (not 'I enjoy to dance')

* Would you mind closing the door? (not 'mind to close')

* Ian suggested going to the cinema. (not 'suggested to go')

After enjoy, mind and suggest, we use ~ing (not to ...).

Here are some more verbs that are followed by ~ing:

stop delay fancy consider admit miss involve finish postpone imagine avoid deny risk practise

* Suddenly everybody stopped talking. There was silence.

* I'll do the shopping when I've finished cleaning the flat.

* He tried to avoid answering my question.

* I don't fancy going out this evening.

* Have you ever considered going to live in another country?

Note the negative form not ~ing:

* When I'm on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early.

B. We also use ~ing after:

give up (= stop)

put off (= postpone)

carry on/go on (= continue)

keep or keep on (= do something continuously or repeatedly)

* Paula has given up smoking.

* We must do something. We can't go on living like this! (or ... carry on living ...)