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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
1.1 Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the correct form:
1.2 Use the words in brackets to complete the questions.
1.3 Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative (I'm not doing etc.).
1.4 Read this conversation between Brian and Sarah. Put the verbs into the correct form.
1.5 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs: get change rise fall increase
2.1 Complete the sentences using one of the following:
2.2 Put the verb into the correct form.
2.3 Use one of the following verbs to complete these sentences. Sometimes you need the negative:
2.4 Ask Liz questions about herself and her family.
2.5 Complete using one of the following.
3.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong.
3.2 Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
4.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
4.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
5.1 Read what Sharon says about a typical working day:
5.2 Put one of these verbs in each sentence:
5.3 A friend has just come back from holiday. You ask him about it. Write your questions.
5.4 Complete the sentences, Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
6.2 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use the past continuous.
6.3 Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
6.4 Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
7.2 Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following:
7.4 Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.
8.2 Complete Bs answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use a verb from this list:
8.3 Complete these sentences using today/this year/this term etc.
8.4 Read the situations and write sentences as shown in the examples.
9.1 What have these people been doing or what has been happening?
9.2 Write a question for each situation.
9.3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
10.1 Read the situations and write two sentences using the words in brackets.
10.2 For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.
11.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct them if they are wrong.
11.2 Read the situations and write questions from the words in brackets.
11.3 Complete Bs answers to a's questions.
12.1 Write questions with how long and when.
12.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences beginning in the way shown.
12.4 Write Bs sentences using the words in brackets.
13.1 What has happened in these situations?
13.2 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
13.3 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
13.4 (Section c) Put the verb into the most suitable form, present perfect or past simple.
14.1 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
14.2 Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.
14.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
14.4 Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.
15.1 Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.
15.2 Read the situations and write sentences ending with before. Use the verb given in brackets.
15.4 Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.).
16.1 Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets.
16.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
17.1 Write negative sentences with have. Some are present (can't) and some are past (couldn't).
17.2 Complete these questions with have. Some are present and some are past.
18.2 Brian changed his lifestyle. He stopped doing some things and started doing other things:
18.3 Compare what Carol said five years ago and what she says today:
19.3 Have you arranged to do anything at these times? Write (true) sentences about yourself.
19.4 Put the verb into the more suitable form, present continuous or present simple.
20.2 Write a question with going to for each situation.
20.3 Read the situations and complete the dialogues. Use going to.
20.4 What is going to happen in these situations? Use the words in brackets.
21.2 Read the situations and write sentences with I think I'll ... Or I don't think I'll ...
21.3 Which is correct? (If necessary, study Units 19-20 first.)
21.4 What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with shall I ...? or shall we ...?
22.3 Put in will ('ll) or won't.
22.4 Where will you be at these times? Write true sentences about yourself. Use one of these:
23.1 Complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.
23.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.
24.2 Put the verb into the correct form, will be (do)ing or will have (done).
25.2 Make one sentence from two.
25.3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
26.2 Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.
26.4 Complete the answers to the questions with was/were able to.
26.5 Complete the sentences using could, couldn't or was/were able to.
27.1 Answer the questions with a suggestion. Use could.
27.2 Put in can or could. Sometimes either word is possible.
27.4 Read this information about Ken:
28.2 Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form.
29.1 Write these sentences in a different way using may or might.
29.2 Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form.
29.3 Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets. Use may or might.
29.4 Complete the sentences using might not or couldn't.
30. Write sentences with may or might.
30.4 Write sentences with may not or might not.
30.5 Read the situations and make sentences with may/might as well.
31.2 Make questions with have to.
31.4 Complete these sentences with mustn't or don't/doesn't have to.
32.2 Complete the sentences with must, mustn't or needn't.
32.3 Read the situations and make sentences with needn't have.
33.2 Read the situations and write sentences with I think/I don't think ... Should...
34.1 Write a sentence (beginning in the way shown) that means the same as the first sentence.
34.2 Are these sentences right or wrong?
34.4 Complete these sentences using if ... Should... .
35.1 Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need only one word, sometimes two.
35.2 Read the situations and write sentences with had better. Use the words in brackets.
35.3 Put in had better or should. Sometimes either is possible.
35.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It's time (somebody did something).
36.1 Read the situations and write questions beginning Can ... Or Could ...
36.2 Read the situations and write questions beginning Do you think ...
36.3 What would you say in these situations?
37.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
37.2 You ask a friend questions. Use What would you do if ...?
37.3 Answer the questions in the way shown.
37.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
38.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
38.2 Write a sentence with If ... For each situation.
38.3 Write sentences beginning I wish ...
38.4 Write your own sentences beginning I wish ...
39.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
39.2 Write a sentence with if for each situation.
39.3 Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish ...
40.2 Write sentences using promised.
40.3 What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with I wish ... Would ...
40.4 Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
40.5 These sentences are about things that often happened in the past. Complete the sentences using
41.1 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:
41.2 Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.
41.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.
41.4 Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. Write a passive sentence.
42.1 What do these words mean? Use it can ... Or it can't... . Use a dictionary if necessary.
42.2 Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):
42.3 Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody' or 'they', write a passive sentence.
43.2 Write these sentences in another way, beginning in the way shown.
44.2 People say a lot of things about Arthur. For example:
45.1 Tick (V) the correct sentence, (a) or (b), for each picture.
45.2 Why did you do these things? Answer using 'have something done'. Use one of these verbs:
45.3 Write sentences in the way shown.
45.4 Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use the structure 'have something done'.
45.5 Now you have to use 'have something done' with its second meaning (see Section c).
46.1 Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Charlie. Here are some of the things Charlie said to you:
47.1 Here are some things that Ann said to you:
47.2 Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.
47.3 (Section c) The following sentences are direct speech:
48.1 Ask Liz questions. (Look at her answers before you write the questions.)
48.2 Make questions with who or what.
48.3 Put the words in brackets in the correct order. All the sentences are questions.
48.4 Write negative questions from the words in brackets. In each situation you are surprised.
49.1 Make a new sentence from the question in brackets.
50.2 You never agree with Sue. Answer in the way shown.
51.1 Put a question tag on the end of these sentences.
52.1 Complete each sentence with one of these verbs:
1.3 The following verbs can be regular or irregular:
2. Choose the right alternative.
4. Use your own ideas to complete b's sentences.
7. Put the verbs into the correct form.
8. Put the verb into the most suitable form.
12. Put the verbs in the most suitable form. Sometimes there is more than one possibility.
13. Put the verb into the correct form. Choose from the following:
15. Make sentences from the words in brackets.
16. Put the verb into the correct form.
18. Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
19. Put the verb into the correct form.
20. Put the verb into the most suitable passive form.
21. Put the verb into the correct form, active or passive.
22. Read these newspaper reports and put the verbs into the most suitable form.
23. Put the verb into the correct form.
24. Make sentences from the words in brackets.
25. Complete the second sentence so that the meaning is similar to the first.
27. Choose the right alternative.
28. Put in one of the following prepositions: at on in for since during by until
29. Put in the missing preposition.
30. Put in the missing preposition.
* I hope Carol phones this evening.
* I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.
C. Generally we use will to talk about the future, but sometimes we use will to talk about now. For example:
* Don't phone Ann now. She'll be busy. (= I know she'll be busy now)
D. I shall .../we shall ...
Normally we use shall only with I and we.
You can say I shall or I will (I'll), we shall or we will (we'll):
* I shall be tired this evening. (or I will be ...)
* We shall probably go to Scotland for our holiday. (or We will probably go ...)
In spoken English we normally use I'll and we'll:
* We'll probably go to Scotland.
The negative of shall is shall not or shan't:
* I shan't be here tomorrow. (or I won't be ...)
Do not use shall with he/she/it/you/they:
* She will be very angry. (not 'she shall be')
EXERCISES
22.1 Which form of the verb is correct (or more natural) in these sentences? The verbs are underlined.
1. Ann isn't free on Saturday. _She'll work (X)/She's working (O)._ (She's working is correct)
2. _I'll go/I'm going_ to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too?
3. I think Jane _will get/is getting_ the job. She has a lot of experience.
4. I can't meet you this evening. A friend of mine _will come/is coming_ to see me.
5. A: Have you decided where to go for your holidays?
B: Yes, _we will go/we are going_ to Italy.
6. There's no need to be afraid of the dog. _It won't hurt/It isn't hurting_ you.
22.2 Complete the sentences with will ('ll) + one of these verbs:
be be come get like look meet pass
1. Don't worry about your exam. I'm sure you I'll pass.
2. Why don't you try on this jacket? It --- nice on you.
3. You must meet George sometime. I think you --- him.
4. It's raining. Don't go out. You --- wet.
5. They've invited me to their house. They --- offended if I don't go.
6. Goodbye. I expect we --- again before long.
7. I've invited Sue to the party but I don't think she ---.
8. I wonder where I --- 20 years from now.
22.3 Put in will ('ll) or won't.
1. Can you wait for me? I won't be very long.
2. There's no need to take an umbrella with you. It --- rain.
3. If you don't eat anything now, you --- be hungry later.
4. I'm sorry about what happened yesterday. It --- happen again.
5. I've got some incredible news! You --- never believe what's happened.
6. Don't ask Margaret for advice. She --- know what to do.
22.4 Where will you be at these times? Write true sentences about yourself. Use one of these:
I'll be ... or I expect I'll be... or I'll probably be ... or I don't know where I'll be. or I'm not sure. I might be ... (For might see Unit 30.)
1. (next Monday evening at 7.45) I'll probably be at home.
or I'm not sure. I might be at the cinema.
or I don't know where I'll be. (etc.)
2. (at 5 o'clock tomorrow morning) ---
3. (at 10.30 tomorrow morning) ---
4. (next Saturday afternoon at 4.15) ---
5. (this time next year) ---
22.5 Write questions using do you think ... will ...? + one of these verbs:
be back cost finish get married happen like rain
1. I've bought Mary a present. Do you think she'll like it?
2. The weather doesn't look very good. Do you ---
3. The meeting is still going on. When do you ---
4. My car needs to be repaired. How much ---
5. Sally and David are in love. Do ---
6. 'I'm going out now.' 'OK. What time ---'
7. The future situation is uncertain. What ---
UNIT 23. I will and I'm going to
A. Future actions
Study the difference between will and going to:
Sue is talking to Helen:
SUE: Let's have a party
HELLEN: That's a great idea. We'll invite lots of people.
will ('ll): We use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking. The speaker has not decided before. The party is a new idea.
Later that day, Helen meets Dave:
HELLEN: Sue and I have decided to have a party. We're going to invite lots of people.
going to: We use (be) going to when we have already decided to do something. Helen had already decided to Invite lots of people before she spoke to Dave.
Compare:
* 'George phoned while you were out.' 'OK. I'll phone him back.'
but * 'George phoned while you were out.' 'Yes, I know. I'm going to phone him back.'
* 'Ann is in hospital.' 'Oh really? I didn't know. I'll go and visit her.'
but * 'Ann is in hospital.' 'Yes, I know. I'm going to visit her tomorrow.'
B. Future happenings and situations (predicting the future)
Sometimes there is not much difference between will and going to. For example, you can say:
* I think the weather will be nice later.
* I think the weather is going to be nice later.
When we say 'something is going to happen', we know (or think) this because of the situation now. For example:
* Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain. (not 'it will rain' - we can see the clouds now)
* I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick. (not 'I think I'll be sick' - I feel terrible now)
Do not use will in situations like these. (See also Unit 20C.)
In other situations, it is safer to use will:
* Tom will probably arrive at about 8 o'clock.
* I think Ann will like the present we bought for her.
EXERCISES
23.1 Complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.
1. A: Why are you turning on the television?
B: I'm going to watch the news. (I/watch)
2. A: Oh, I've just realised. I haven't got any money.
B: Haven't you? Well, don't worry. --- you some. (I/lend)
3. A: I've got a headache.
B: Have you? Wait there and --- an aspirin for you. (I/get)
4. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?
B: --- the car. (I/wash)
5. A: I've decided to repaint this room.
B: Oh, have you? What colour --- it? (you/paint)
6. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B: Yes, --- something for dinner. (I/buy)
7. A: I don't know how to use this camera.
B: It's quite easy. --- you. (I/show)
8. A: What would you like to eat?
B: --- a sandwich, please. (I/have)
9. A: Did you post that letter for me?
B: Oh, I'm sorry. I completely forgot --- it now. (I/do)
10. A: The ceiling in this room doesn't took very safe, does it?
B: No, it looks as if --- down. (it/fall)
11. A: Has George decided what to do when he leaves school?
B: Oh, yes. Everything is planned. --- a holiday for a few weeks and then --- a computer programming course. (he/have, he/do)
23.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.
1. The phone rings and you answer. Somebody wants to speak to Jim.
CALLER: Hello. Can I speak to Jim, please?
YOU: Just a moment. --- him. (I/get)
2. It's a nice day. You've decided to sit in the garden. Before going outside, you tell your friend.
YOU: The weather's too nice to stay indoors. --- in the garden. (I/sit)
FRIEND: That's a good idea. I think --- you. (I/join)
3. Your friend is worried because she has lost an important letter.
YOU: Don't worry about the letter. I'm sure --- it. (you/find)
FRIEND: I hope so.
4. There was a job advertised in the paper recently. At first you were interested but then you decided not to apply.
FRIEND: Have you decided what to do about that job that was advertised?
YOU: Yes, --- for it. (I/not/apply)
5. You and a friend come home very late. Other people in the house are asleep. Your friend is noisy.
You: Shhh! Don't make so much noise. --- everybody up. (you/wake)
6. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane tomorrow morning.
JOHN: Ann, I need somebody to take me to the airport tomorrow morning.
ANN: That's no problem. --- you. (I/take) What time is your flight?
JOHN: 10.50.
ANN: OK. --- at about 9 o'clock then. (we/leave)
Later that day, Joe offers to take John to the airport.
JOE: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?
JOHN: No thanks, Joe. --- me. (Ann/take)
UNIT 24. Will be doing and will have done
A. Study this example situation:
Kevin loves football and this evening there is a big football match on television. The match begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.15. Paul wants to see Kevin the same evening and wants to know what time to come to his house.
PAUL: Is it all right if I come at about 8.30?
KEVIN: No, I'll be watching the football then.
PAUL: Well, what about 9.30?
KEVIN: Fine. The match will have finished by then.
B. 'I will be doing something' (future continuous) = I will be in the middle of doing something. The football match begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.15. So during this time, for example at 8.30, Kevin will be watching the match. Another example:
* I'm going on holiday on Saturday. This time next week I'll be lying on a beach or
swimming in the sea.
Compare will be (do)ing and will (do):
* Don't phone me between 7 and 8. We'll be having dinner then.
* Let's wait for Mary to arrive and then we'll have dinner.
Compare will be ~ing with other continuous forms:
* At 10 o'clock yesterday, Sally was in her office. She was working. (past)
It's 10 o'clock now. She is in her office. She is working. (present)
At 10 o'clock tomorrow, she will be in her office. She will be working.
C. We also use will be doing in a different way: to talk about complete actions in the future:
* A: If you see Sally, can you ask her to phone me?
B: Sure. I'll be seeing her this evening, so I'll tell her then.
* What time will your friends be arriving tomorrow?
In these examples will be ~ing is similar to the present continuous for the future. (See Unit 19A.)
You can use Will you be ~ing ...? to ask about somebody's plans, especially if you want something or want them to do something. For example:
* A: Will you be passing the post office when you're out?
B: Probably. Why?
A: I need some stamps. Could you get me some?
* A: Will you be using your bicycle this evening?
B: No. Do you want to borrow it?
D. We use will have (done) (future perfect) to say that something will already be complete. Kevin's football match ends at 9.15. So after this time, for example at 9.30, the match will have finished. Some more examples:
* Sally always leaves for work at 8.30 in the morning, so she won't be at home at 9
o'clock. She'll have gone to work.
* We're late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.
Compare will have (done) with other perfect forms:
* Ted and Amy have been married for 24 years. (present perfect)
Next year they will have been married for 25 years.
When their first child was born, they had been married for three years. (past perfect)
EXERCISES