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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Английский язык

Предисловие

The world around me Section I Appearance and Character

I. Look through the vocabulary below that may be useful when speaking about appearance and character.

II. Choose the opposites

IV. Read the following dialogues and make up your own using the examples

II. Put the following words in its correct place

III. Read the following dialogues and make up your own using the examples.

V. Read the following passage. Speak about the relations in your family using the active vocabulary.

II. Read the following text. Answer the questions after it. Use the information given in it while speaking about hobbies or pastime. Hobbies for pleasure

III. Answer the following questions.

II. Practise the pronunciation of the international words and translate them.

III. Read and translate the following word groups:

IV. Give possible combinations of the following verbs with adverbs.

V. Complete the sentences using the word combinations of ex. 4.

VI. Choose the appropriate word from the right-hand column to complete each of the sentences.

VIII. Before reading the text (below) try to answer the following questions.

IX. Read the text carefully.

X. Form other parts of speech from the following words:

XII. Say, which of these statements are students’ rights or duties:

XIII. Continue the sentences:

XIV. Think and answer:

Vitebsk state university

III. Remember the faculties of vsu.

Vitebsk state university

IX. In what context are these figures mentioned in the text.

X. Match the date and the event in the history of vsu.

XI. Answer the following questions.

XII. Continue the following sentences:

XIII. Tell your group-mates about the University you study at.

XIV. Read and reproduce the following situational dialogues.

Communicational clichés

Countries and Nationalities

I. Read the following proper names correctly:

II. Match the country and its capital:

III. Endings –ese, - an, - ish, -I are used to form the word denoting ‘nationality’

III. Listen to the tape and do the exercises below.

V. Make up a dialogue of your own by analogy:

X. Read and translate the following dialogues. Use the phrases of your own instead of the underlined ones.

Feeling Unwell

XI. Read and translate the following dialogues. Make up a list of useful phrases concerning the matter.

Buying a Souvenir

At a Department Store

National traditions

In great britain and in belarus great britain

II. Match the words with their definitions:

Christmas and new year in great britain

IV. Give the English equivalents for these Russian words and word combinations:

V. Insert the words in the gaps:

VI. Put in the right prepositions:

VII. Answer the questions:

VIII. Translate into English.

Did you know?

Halloween

II. Match the words with their definitions:

III. Complete the table:

IV. Read and translate the text. Halloween (October, 31)

V. Write down all the irregular verbs used in the text. Give all their forms.

XI. Choose one of the topics and prepare short reports.

Guy Fawkes Day

II. Match the words with their definitions:

III. Complete the table:

IV. Read and translate the text. Guy Fawkes Day (November, 5)

V. Give the English equivalents for these Russian words and word combinations:

Candles and weather (february, 2)

Pancake day

The beginning of lent

St. Patrick's day (march 17)

April fool! (april, 1)

Maypoles and parades (may, 1)

Cheese rolling

Belarus "kalyady" has come

«Kalyady» has come

XII. Answer the following questions:

XIII. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

XIV Put in the right prepositions where necessary:

XV. Choose a word from the box to put into each gap:

XVI. Fill in the table:

Youth and its place in modern society

Generation Gap

I. Pay attention to these words. Pick out sentences with these words from the text and translate them into Russians:

II. Read out the following words and memorize their meaning:

III. Read out these phrases several times till you remember their meaning:

IV. Read the text and get ready to speak about the problems of teenagers: generation gap

V. Answer the questions:

Vocabulary

VI. Find synonyms for the words in the frame:

Youth problems

Youth Organizations in Belarus

I. Pay attention to the following words. Pick out sentences with these words from the text and translate them into Russian:

II. Read out the following words and memorize their meaning:

III. Read these international words and try to guess their meaning:

IV. Read out these phrases several times till you remember their meaning:

V. Match the English words and their Russian equivalents:

VI. Make sure you know all the words in the box. Then read their definitions and match the words with them:

VII. Match the words with the help of the preposition of:

VIII. Read the text and get ready to speak about youth organisations in Belarus: youth organizations in belarus

IX. Answer the questions:

X. Fill in the table:

Vocabulary

I. Match the synonyms:

Juvenile delinquency

Vocabulary

Social factors

Teens' tips for parents

I. Answer the questions:

II. Make a little speech starting with:

Oral speech

Clean Up Your Room

* * *

A Talk in the Tram

Morality: what is it?

Let`s think

Happiness

Let`s think

I. Give words or phrases (from the glossary) for the following definitions:

VI. True or false?

VII. Put in the right order.

VIII. Do you agree with the following proverb:

Is abortion legal in your country?

Let`s think

I. Form the derivatives of the words given in the chart below. Use a dictionary if necessary.

VI. Answer the questions:

Let`s think

I. Explain the following words:

II. Give the comparatives and the superlatives of the adjectives:

III. There are two phrasal verbs in the text: to take care of, to look for. What do they mean? Study the examples and match the words on the left with their definitions on the right. To look

To take

IV. Translate the word combinations:

V. Toshi is worried about his 78-year-old mother. Read Toshi's conversation with his wife, Midori, and find out: what do they want to do for his mother? Taking care of Mother

VI. Give synonyms to the following:

VII. Answer the questions:

Let`s think

Additional reading

Friends or Lovers?

I. Answer the questions:

I. Study the words.

II. Guess the meaning of the words and explain their meaning.

III. Make up derivatives.

IV. Find the synonyms.

V. Match the words with their definitions.

VI. Translate from Russian into English.

The right to die

I. Listen to (read) the text and say whether the statements are true or false?

II. Answer the questions.

III. Complete the sentences with the missing phrases.

What do you think?

Looking at the issue

Let’s think

IV. There are two phrasal verbs in the text: to cut up and to keep alive. What do they mean? Study the examples and match the words on the left with their definitions on the right. To cut

To keep

V. Translate form Russian into English.

VII. Listen to (read) the text and say whether the statements are true or false.

VIII. Listen to (read) the text and answer the questions.

What do you think?

Looking at the issue.

Why or why not?

Forming ecological thinking

I. Read and memorize the following words.

II. Read the following international words and word combinations and try to guess their meaning.

III. Train reading the names of the chemical elements.

IV. Read and translate the following words of the same root. Determine the part of speech they belong to. Memorize them.

V. Read and translate the following word combinations.

Nature protection

Acid rains

Depletion of the ozone layer

Destruction of the tropical forest

Measures to be taken

VII. Fill in the blanks with suitable words and word combinations from the text.

VIII. Complete the sentences with the most suitable ending.

IX. Match the definitions from the list and the words from the frame below.

X. Answer the following questions.

XI. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

What You Can Do to Help!

Last Chance

Last chance

VI. Listen to the recording and mark the following statements as True or False.

VII. Put the sentences into the right order:

VIII. Choose the environmental problems from the box people will face in the future.

IX. Answer the questions after listening to each paragraph:

What do you think?

Looking at the issue

What’s for dinner?

I. Study the words.

II. What substances are vital important for living things? What food is rich in these substances?

III. Translate from Russian into English.

V. Listen to (read) the text and say whether the statements are true or false.

VI. Answer the questions.

What do you think?

Looking at the issue.

Technology and its impact Technical advances affecting daily life

V. Read aloud the words listed below following the teacher’s example:

VI. Read and translate the text:

VII. Make up the definition of the term ‘invention’ from the scattered words.

VIII. Choose the most suitable variant:

IX. Give three examples of accidental discoveries and three examples of induced discoveries.

IV. Read the following words correctly:

V. Choose between accident ['xksIdqnt] and incident ['InsIdqnt].

VI. A) Translate the following sentence.

VII. Read the text and name the serendipitous discoveries mentioned there.

VIII. Fill in the blanks with the verb in the right tense-form.

IX. Fill in the blanks with the right prepositions.

X. Translate the words in brackets into English.

XI. Ask special questions to the following statements.

XII. Give a brief summary of the text. Text III

I. Learn the following derivatives and fill in the blanks with the proper one:

II. Look: at, up, up to, after, for, through, forward to, out (for), down on smb;

III. Learn the following words:

IV. A) Form the nouns using proper suffixes.

X. Fill in the gaps with a suitable preposition.

XI. Translate the words in brackets from Russian into English and read the whole sentence.

XII. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.

II. Fill in the table with the proper derivatives which are possible:

III. Find the opposites to the following words and use both words in the sentences of your own:

IV. A) Learn the ways of translating Participle I and II in the function of an attribute and an adverbial modifier.

V. Read the text for more information.

VI. Choose the most suitable variant.

VIII. Find the key sentences in the text and use them in your retelling.

IX. Render the following text into English: Научно-технический прогресс и его влияние на нашу жизнь

X. Internet Research Project New Communications Technologies

The republic of belarus : social and political aspects

I. Read some information about the National Flag of the Republic of Belarus and describe it.

II. Read the following information and say in English what each colour of the National Flag means.

III. Read some information about the National Emblem of the Republic of Belarus and describe it.

IV. Read the following information and say in English what each element of the National Emblem means.

V. Choose the correct word.

VI. What political systems do you know? Match the definitions and explain the differences in the ways of running a country.

VII. Read and memorize the following words:

VIII. Pay attention to the following word combinations.

IX. Read the following words and try to guess their meaning.

X. Read out these phrases several times till you remember their meaning.

XI. Match the word from a with its best association from b. Use the phrases in your own sentences.

XII. Make sure you know all the words in the box. Read their definitions and match the words with their definitions.

XIII. Read and translate the text. Belarus state system

XIV. Fill in the right preposition.

XV. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

XVI. Complete the following sentences.

XVII. Translate the following sentences into English.

Problems for discussion

The united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland: social and political aspects

What is the British National Anthem?

Shield of the Royal Arms

What is the motto of England?

I. Read and memorize the following words:

II. Pay attention to the following words.

IV. Read and translate the text.

Uk political system

V. Give English equivalents from the text to the words given below.

VI. Find the pairs of antonyms.

VII. Find the pairs of synonyms.

VIII. Make sure you know all the words in the box. Read their definitions and match the words with their definitions.

IX. Fill in the table using the information from the text.

X. Answer the questions.

Comment upon

Business Letter Structure

I. Learn the parts of a letter.

Business letters

Клише, выражения и предложения для деловой переписки

VI. Match the parts on the left with the parts on the right.

VII. Complete the following sentences by translating the Russian part in brackets in a column.

VIII. Translate the following sentences in English:

Sample letters

Texts for discussion

Surreal case of the Dalí images and a battle over artistic licence

Glasgow issues legal threats to stop poster firms and rock band illegally copying prized painting

A colossal mistake? Art world baffled by 'Goya' masterpiece

House husbands: Are you man enough? More and more men are swapping PowerPoint for potty training and embracing the role of the stay-at-home father, says Casilda Grigg.

Great Works: Leviathan (1651), Abraham Bosse and Thomas Hobbes

Polygamy: Muslim peer says issue has been avoided because of 'cultural sensitivity' The issue of polygamy has been avoided by politicians because of "cultural sensitivity", a Baroness Warsi has said.

Tests blamed for blighting children's lives

The Tempest at Courtyard Theatre, Stratford - review Antony Sher captures the turbulence of Prospero in this deeply felt performance of Shakespeare's great last play.

Emperor penguin 'marching to extinction by end of the century'

Texts for discussion Part II

President Obama announces push to wean us off the gas-guzzler

Obama seeks to repair damage in Middle East diplomacy drive Americans are not your enemy, president tells Arabic tv network as us envoy sets out on eight days of talks

Russia 'suspends Kaliningrad missile plan'

Us policy shift

Chief Rabbinate of Israel cuts ties with Vatican over Holocaust bishop

Activists threaten to close Heathrow

Taxpayer faces bigger bill for 2012 Olympics

Brown leads global drive to close down tax havens

Israel's president asks Benjamin Netanyahu to form new government

Israel's president, Shimon Peres, has asked the Likud party leader, Benjamin Netanyahu, to form the country's next government and become prime minister.

'Unhappy us' claims over Afghanistan dismissed

Contents

Литература

V. Listen to (read) the text and say whether the statements are true or false.

  1. Professor Cornfield has written a book about what Europeans eat.

  2. Americans eat too much meat.

  3. Many people eat hamburgers not because they need them, but because they like them.

  4. Eating meat, especially pork, can cause heart disease.

  5. It takes 30 square metres of rain forest for each burger.

VI. Answer the questions.

1. What food is rich in protein?

2. Do people need to eat meat to live?

3. Why do many people eat nice thick juicy hamburgers?

4. What are the reasons to stop eating meat?

5. Why are rain forests in Central America being destroyed?

6. How many trees have the Americans cut down for the last 300 years?

What do you think?

Which opinion do you agree with?

  • I think Americans eat too much meat, but people in other countries also eat more meat than before. I don’t think it’s good.

  • Humans should give up eating meat. That way we get healthier, and we don’t destroy the environment.

  • It’s impossible for me to give up meat. I enjoy eating hamburgers.

  • We should avoid eating animal products like beef, pork, milk and eggs. It’s better for us to eat fish and vegetables.

  • Maybe people should eat less meat, but I don’t think we have to give it up completely.

Looking at the issue.

If you had to give up food made with animal products, which ones would you give up? What are your reasons?

Food

Would you give it up?

Why or why not?

hamburger

yes / no

steak [steik]

yes / no

bacon [`beik(ə)n]

yes / no

ice cream (milk, eggs)

yes / no

pancakes (eggs, milk)

yes / no

ham

yes / no

chicken

yes / no

pizza [`pi:tsə] (cheese)

yes / no

your idea:

yes / no

Technology and its impact Technical advances affecting daily life

technology

examples of using applications

example sentence(s) with connected key words

digital technology

digital photography, video and sound recording; digital broadcasting

The sound quality of a digital tape recorder is superior to that of an analogue [non-digital] one.

satellite communications

satellite navigation systems; mobile phones

She has an in-car GPS [global positioning system] navigation system, so she never loses her way.

biotechnology

genetic modification of plants

Biotechnology companies are experimenting with new, disease-resistant crops for farmers, [with a high level of protection against diseases]

artificial intelligence (AI)

automatic translation; identification systems

AI scientists are hoping to create computers that will be more and more like the human brain.

ergonomics

efficient design of human environments

This car has ergonomically designed seats; they're very comfortable on long drives, [designed to give maximum comfort and efficiency]

Text I

Invention

After reading this text you will learn:

- the definition of the term ‘invention’;

- two types of discovering something new;

- the history of discovering the telephone and the calculus (система счислений);

- the characteristic of modern inventions.

I. Learn the following derivatives:

1. To accomplish– accomplishment – accomplished;

1. This reform was one of the President’s greatest …. 2. Drawing and singing were among her many …. 3. I don’t think I … very much today. 4. She was an elegant and …woman. 5. We …the first part of our plan. 6. Among his many other …, there is a games theory.

2. To achieve – achievement – achiever – achievable;

1. I … very much today. 2. All you … is to upset my parents. 3. This goal is quite … 4. It was a remarkable … for such a young player. 5. They were proud of their children’s … 6. Even a small success gives you a sense of … 7. Everybody admits that he is a high …

II. Give possible derivatives to the following words:

To invent, to discover, to create, to organize.

III. Study the difference between to decide – decision and to solve – solution and fill in the gaps with the proper word.

1. There is no simple … to this problem. 2. The … to the last week’s quiz is on page 32. 3. Do you have a better …? 4. It was difficult … between the two candidates. 5. Attempts are being made to … the problem of waste disposal. 6. At school he was good at … equations. 7. We need a … on it by next week. 8. Mary is a …-maker in the house. 9. The moment of … has arrived. 10. We finally reached a ….

IV. Learn the following words:

Word

Transcription

Translation

Device

[dI'vQIs]

Прибор

Procedure

[prq'sJdZq]

Методика (проведения опыта)

Objective

[qb'GektIv]

Цель

Invariably

[In'vFqrIqblI]

Неизменно

To precede

[prI'sJd]

Предшествовать

Accidental

[xksI'dentql]

Случайный

Induce

[In’djus]

Выводить путем умозаключений

Lightning rod

[‘lQItnIN]

Молниеотвод

To prove

[pru:v]

Доказывать

Simultaneously

["sImql'teInIqslI]

Одновременно

To recognize

['rekqgnQIz]

Признавать

Research

['rJsWC]

Научное исследование

To support

[sq'pLt]

Поддерживать

To apply

[q'plaI]

Обращаться

To ascribe

[qs'krQIb]

Приписывать

V. Read aloud the words listed below following the teacher’s example:

Process, idea, procedure, invariably, accidental, induced, lightning, phenomenon, isolated, through, although, simultaneously, calculus, fought, scientist, mathematician, agencies, specific.

VI. Read and translate the text:

Invention (device or process) is creation of new devices, objects, ideas or procedures useful in accomplishing human objectives. The process of invention is invariably preceded by one or more discoveries that help the inventor solve the problem at hand. A discovery may be accidental, such as the discovery of X rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen while he was experimenting with cathode rays, or induced, such as the invention of the lightning rod by Benjamin Franklin after he proved that lightning is an electrical phenomenon.

Early inventors were usually isolated and unable to support themselves through their inventions. In some cases, although two individuals working independently achieved the same innovation simultaneously, only one was recognized for the discovery. For example, the American inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell applied for a patent on the telephone on the same day. Credit for the discovery of the calculus was fought for bitterly by the English scientist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton and the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

Today most modern inventions and discoveries take place in large research organizations by group of scientists supported by universities, government agencies, private industries or foundations. Because of this, ascribing any single invention to a specific person has become difficult.

VII. Make up the definition of the term ‘invention’ from the scattered words.

Invention is new, creation, of, useful, in, objectives, human, accomplishing, devices, ideas, procedures.

VIII. Choose the most suitable variant:

1. … precede the process of invention.

a) one experiment b) one or more discoveries

2. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered …

a) X rays b) the telephone

3. Benjamin Franklin invented ...

a) the lightning flash b) the lightning rod

4. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell simultaneously applied for a patent on …

a) the radio b) the telephone

5. The English scientist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton and the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz bitterly fought for the credit for the discovery of the …

a) the theory of gravity b) the calculus

6. It’s difficult to ascribe any single invention to one person because as a rule it’s a …

a) difficult process b) collective work

IX. Give three examples of accidental discoveries and three examples of induced discoveries.

For example: The lightning rod by Benjamin Franklin is an induced discovery and X rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen is an accidental one.

X. Continue the following sentences and use them in your brief summary.

1. Invention is …

2. Hard mental work and one or more discoveries precede …

3. Any discovery can be of two types …

4. Today most modern inventions and discoveries take place …

5. That’s why it’s difficult …

Text II

Serendipity. Serendipitous Discoveries

After reading this text you will learn:

- the difference between the term insight and serendipity;

- 6 serendipitous discoveries.

I. Here are two ways of discovering something new:

Insight – озарение, инсайт.

Serendipity – счастливая случайность (когда ученый пытается открыть одно, а случайно по ходу работы открывает другое, и это другое открытие становится сенсационным).

II. Answer the following questions:

1. What scientific discoveries or inventions have had great influence on our life? 2. What precedes every discovery? 3. Who and what are involved in the process of discovery something new? 4. What inventions can be called insight? 5. What inventions are considered to be serendipitous?

III. Learn the following words:

Word

Transcription

Translation

Absent-minded

["xbsqnt'mQIndId]

Рассеянный

Spread

[spred]

Распространение

Cause

[kLz]

Причина

To depend on

[dI'pend]

Зависеть

Safety

['seIftI]

Безопасность

Defence

[dI'fens]

Оборона

Non-stick frying pan

["nPn'stIk 'frQIIN pxn]

Непригораемая сковорода

Plastic coating

['plxstIk kqutIN]

Пластиковое покрытие

Equipment

[Ik'wIpmqnt]

Оборудование

Unaffected

[An'IfektId]

Неподверженный

Slippery

['slIpqrI]

Скользкий

Vehicle

['vJkl]

Транспортное средство

Pattern

['pxt(q)n]

Образец

To taste

[teIst]

Попробовать

By-product

["bQI 'prPdAkt]

Побочный продукт

Substitute

['sAbstItjHt]

Заменитель

Rubber

['rAbq]

Резина

Apparent

[q'pxrnt]

Очевидный

To chew

[CH]

Жевать

Available

[q'veIlqbl]

Доступный

Artificial

["RtI'fISl]

Искусственный

Stick-on note

["stIk"Pn 'nquts]

Стикер

Adhesive

[qd'hJsIv]

Склеивающее вещество

Glue

[glH]

Клей

Substance

['sAbstqns]

Вещество

To mark

[mRk]

Оставлять следы, помечать

Surface

['sWfIs]

Поверхность

Choir

[kwQIq]

Хор

Slip of paper

["slIpqv'peIpq]

Закладка

Similar

['sImIlq]

Подобный

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