Файл: Кажекина.doc

1. Dreams can be a rich source of … for an artist. 2. Both poets drew their … from the countryside. 3. Her charity work is an … to us all. 4. It came to me in a flash of … 5. The actors’ enthusiasm … the kids. 6. The choice of décor … by a trip to India. 7. He is known to be an … leader. 8. As a general, he … great loyalty in his troops. 9. The book is less than …10. Be …!

II. Look: at, up, up to, after, for, through, forward to, out (for), down on smb;

a) Fill in the gaps with the right postposition:

1. Don’t worry! I can look … your children. 2. Mark was sitting in the living-room absent-mindedly looking … the pages of a magazine. 3. I’m not sure about the meaning of this word. I’d better look it … in the dictionary. 4. I’m looking … … your visit impatiently. 5. He was looking … the ball everywhere. 6. He was looking … the fire and did not answer my question. 7. Everybody looks … … him. 8. She looks … … people who haven’t been to college. 9. He looked … … Jim and thought he was not a good match for her daughter. 10. Look …! There is a car coming. 11. You should look … for pickpockets. 12. Look … for spelling mistakes in your work.

b) Translate into English:

С нетерпением ожидать выходных; искать ключи; искать слово в словаре; присматривать за детьми; просматривать утреннюю почту; посмотреть на картину; посмотреть значение слова; относиться к человеку с уважением; искать выход; с нетерпением ожидать поездки; просматривать статьи; присматривать за родителями; посмотреть на доску; с нетерпением ожидать перерыва; искать сведения; смотреть свысока (презирать); быть на стороже;

III. Learn the following words:

Word	Transcription	Translation
Breakthrough	['breIkTrH]	Прорыв
Unexpected	["AnIks'pektId]	Неожиданный
To stun	[stAn]	Ошеломлять
Community	[kq'mjHnqtI]	Сообщество
To expand	[Ik'spend]	Расширять
Frontiers	['frAntIqz]	Границы
To restore	[rI'stL]	Восстанавливать
Blind	[blaInd]	Слепой
Via	[vaIq]	Посредством
Helicopter	['helIkPptq]	Вертолет
Surgeon	['sWG(q)n]	Хирург
Capable	['keIpqbl]	Способный
Physician	[fI'zIS(q)n]	Врач
To spearhead (зд.)	['spIqhed]	Возглавлять работу над
To dial	[dQIl]	Набирать номер
Stem cell	[stem sel]	Стволовая клетка
Supply	[sq'plQI]	Запас
Spare	[spFq]	Запасной
Draw on	[drL]	Привлекать (использовать)
Emergency	[I'mWG(q)nsI]	Крайняя необходимость
To suffer	['sAfq]	испытывать

IV. A) Form the nouns using proper suffixes.

To invent, to identify, to restore, blind, to transmit, to transform, to create, to construct, to operate, to communicate, to recognize.

b) Translate the words with prefix fore-.

Foresee, forearm, forego, foreknow, foretell, foretaste, forefather, foremost.

V. Fill in the gaps with the proper verb from the table below.

To stun to expand to restore to recognize to create

1. The operation … his sight. 2. The government plans to … more jobs for young people. 3. They were … by the news. 4. We have … the business by opening two more shops. 5. I ... him as soon as he came into the room.

VI. Match the words in A-column with the words in B-column.

A B

1) Serendipitous a) cars

2) Little-known b) impact

3) Academic c) inventions

4) Autonomous d) voice

5) Permanent e) scientists

6) New f) institutions

7) Human g) generation

VII. Restore the word order in the following sentences.

1. Try / scientists / to expand / knowledge / the frontiers / of human. 2. This / independently / invention / will help / the blind / to walk. 3. Are developing / autonomous / inventors / and / cars / helicopters. 4. The help / is / it / computer / possible / to recognize / with / human voice / of?

VIII. Practice the reading of the following words:

Breakthrough, to revolutionise, scientist, engineer, frontier, via, machine, autonomous, helicopter, physician, surgeon, microchip, retina, to allow, to dial.

IX. Read the text below and choose the invention which from your point of view can change our life drastically.

Inventions have the power to change the world. Breakthrough can often come from unexpected fields, as Dolly the cloned sheep proved to be a stunning invention in 1997. Little-known scientists and engineers are working in laboratories and academic institutions in hope of being able to revolutionise the way we live in the next century. Helped by leading figures in the scientific community, The Sunday Times has identified those who could shape the 21^st century. Some are likely (вероятно) to become future Nobel prize-winners and they all are working to expand the frontiers of human knowledge.

Mark Humayun

Eye surgeon and biomedical engineer who has restored limited sight to the blind by linking (подсоединить) a microchip to the human retina (сетчатка), transforming electronic images into electrical impulses that are transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain. Humayun, who is based at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, America, is now working on the creation of a permanent implant. "Within 10 years, I believe we will have a chip that will allow (позволит) a blind person to be able to walk around in a room independently," he says.

Takeo Kanade

Head of the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in America, Kanade specialises in developing machines that can function without human control, such as autonomous cars and helicopters. He is currently (в данный момент) working with surgeons to develop “smart” tools capable of performing operations better than a human physician. "The 21st century will be the age when robots become as much a part of our lives as computers have become today," he says.

Steve Young

The world's foremost expert in computer speech recognition, whose systems will form the basis for global electronic communications based only on the spoken word. Young, professor of information engineering at Cambridge University, is spearheading new generations of computer that can understand the human voice without error, ending the need for telephone dialling or keyboard typing as the main gateways (доступ) to electronic communication.

James Thomson

Biologist based at the University of Wisconsin who found the key to future transplant technology by isolating embryonic stem cells and keeping a culture of them alive in a laboratory for a year. Thomson's work, if combined with cloning techniques, raises the prospect of organ banks. Because embryonic stem cells are capable of developing into any of the specialised cells that make up the human body, a person could have a lifetime's supply of spare parts to draw on in case of a medical emergency - for example, pancreatic cells for treating diabetes or neurons for Parkinson's disease.

Ray Crane

British engineer whose insights into aerodynamics have been central to the design of the world's tallest buildings. Crane has solved some fundamental problems in cutting the vibration that such high structures can suffer in strong winds, and expects to be involved in the process of constructing even taller skyscrapers in the future.

X. Fill in the gaps with a suitable preposition.

1. The scientist is working … the creation of a permanent implant. 2. This invention will end the need … telephone dialling. 3. This “smart tool” is capable … performing operations better than a human physician. 4. He specialises … eye surgery. 5. We flew home … Dublin.

XI. Translate the words in brackets from Russian into English and read the whole sentence.

1. (Изобретатели) can change the world. 2. The representatives of the (научное сообщество) work to revolutionise our life. 3. Their inventions are able to (сформировать) our life in the 21^st century. 4. For example, Steve Young’s invention can revolutionise (всемирные электронные коммуникации). 5. Mark Humayun is working on the (созданием) of a permanent implant which will help people with retinal (слепота). 6. One more scientist, Takeo Kanade, is trying to develop autonomous machines that (функционируют без контроля человека). 7. Thus, such (приборы) can improve the quality of our life greatly.

XII. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.

1. No invention can influence the way we live.

2. The world was stunned by the cloned sheep in 1997.

3. Steve Young’s invention will help blind people.

4. Mark Humayun is an expert in computer speech recognition.

5. Takeo Kanade specialises in medicine.

XIII. Provocative thinking:

How can these inventions revolutionise our life?

Text IV

Nanotechnology: How the Science of the Very Small is Getting Very Big

After reading this text you will learn:

- what is nanotechnology;

- in what fields they are and can be used;

- the advantages of nanotechnologies in the modern equipment;

- the effect of nanotechnologies on the environment.

I. Learn the following words:

Word	Transcription	Translation
To measure	['meZq]	Измерять
To permit	[pq'mIt]	Позволять
Carbon	['kRb(q)n]	Углерод
Chain	[CeIn]	Цепь
Aim	[eIm]	Направлять, нацеливать
To share	[SFE]	Делиться, отдавать
To replace	[rI'pleIs]	Заменять
Flat	[flxt]	Плоский
Film	[fIlm]	Фотопленка
Sticky	['stIkI]	Клейкий
To remove	[rI'mHv]	Удалять
To carry	['kxrI]	Проводить
Similar	['sImIlq]	Подобный
Solar	['seulq]	Солнечный
Movable	['mHvqbl]	Переносной
To improve	[Im'prHv]	Улучшать
Current	['kAr(q)nt]	Электрический ток
To release	[rI'lJs]	Выпускать
To warn	[wLn]	Предупреждать
Poisonous	['pPIzqnqs]	Ядовитый
To contain	[kqn'teIn]	Содержать
To reach	[rJC]	Достигать
Wire	[wQIq]	Провод
To meet the demands	[mJt] [dI'mRndz]	Соответствовать требованиям
Concerns	[kqn'sWnz]	Вопросы, вызывающие озабоченность
To cause	[kLz]	Послужить причиной
Severe	[sI'vIq]	Сильный (тяжелый)
Lung	[lAN]	Легкое
Damage	['dxmIG]	Вред
To involve	[In'vPlv]	Вовлекать
To expect	[Iks'pekt]	Ожидать
To credit	['kredIt]	Приписывать